پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی وزارت علوم ، تحقیقات و فناوری پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی 2538-2721 13 38 2025 03 21 Sociological Analysis and Investigation of the Gender Dominant Stereotypes on Women's Sports تحلیل و واکاوی جامعه‌شناختی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان 91 112 3874 10.22089/res.2023.14457.2358 FA سمانه نظری دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران 0000-0002-9526-7108 رحیم رمضانی نژاد استاد مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران 0000-0003-4646-1892 حمیدرضا گوهررستمی استادیار مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. محمد مهدی رحمتی دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. Journal Article 2023 03 10 <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Extended Abstract <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Background and Purpose <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Gender and gender stereotypes in sports constitute a significant and unique area of sociological inquiry. Gender stereotypes comprise widely held socio-cultural beliefs attributing specific traits and capabilities to men and women. Despite notable progress in women's participation in sports, the domain remains predominantly perceived as male. Sports are intimately linked with cultural constructs of masculinity and femininity, with societal pressures regarding gender stereotypes more intensely affecting women than men. This study aims to conduct a sociological analysis of gender stereotypes in women's sports to uncover their mechanisms and contribute to narrowing the gender gap in this field. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Methods <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This qualitative study applied thematic analysis to systematically examine prevailing gender stereotypes in women's sports. Employing purposeful theoretical sampling, the research selected sources providing rich, relevant data addressing the research question. A comprehensive literature search using keywords such as gender stereotypes, sports, women’s sports, gender norms, and stereotypical thinking gathered 150 validated studies from reputable databases including Google Scholar, Sage, ScienceDirect, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Scimago, and ISC. Data were analyzed following theme network and comparative thematic formats. Textual content was refined by identifying semantically related phrases, sentences, and references, which were then coded. Coding continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The resulting thematic network delineated gender stereotypes influencing women's sports. Validity was ensured via expert review and feedback on the analytical results. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Results<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Thematic analysis revealed four organizing themes: gender identity stereotypes, body identity stereotypes, sports identity stereotypes, and media representation of gender stereotypes, all united under the overarching semantic theme of gender-dominant stereotypes impacting women’s sports. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The gender identity stereotypes theme centered on “ideal femininity” and “elusive masculinity.” “Ideal femininity” encompassed maintaining feminine attractiveness, slenderness, adherence to traditional norms, and seeking approval rooted in feminine characteristics. “Elusive masculinity” involved avoidance of masculinization, fear of muscularity, stigma related to crossing femininity boundaries, and stereotype threat. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Body identity stereotypes comprised “muscle phobia” and “female body norms.” “Muscle phobia” highlighted the preference for elegance, resistance to muscular development, and alignment with conventional beauty standards. “Female body norms” reflected the idealization of balanced and delicate female athlete physiques and gendered perceptions of bodily form. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Sports identity stereotypes included “sports participation stereotypes,” “sports-specific stereotypes,” and “functional gender stereotypes.” “Sports participation stereotypes” involved beliefs limiting women’s suitability for sports and stereotypes across different disciplines. “Sports-specific stereotypes” discouraged women’s involvement in high-impact or competitive sports while endorsing activities like gymnastics. “Functional gender stereotypes” perpetuated notions of women’s physical weakness, undermined female athletic performance, and trivialized their achievements. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Media representation of gender stereotypes emphasized the overshadowing of sports performance by femininity and sexualization, gender discrimination, patriarchal dominance in media portrayals, and negative biases toward female athletes. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conclusion <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Women’s bodies are socially constructed objects subject to gendered stereotypes mandating a carefully maintained feminine identity. Female athletes confront persistent anxieties about muscularity and pressures to conform to slender, balanced body ideals. Society often fails to adequately support women’s sports participation, categorizing female athletes as inherently weak and occasionally restricting access to certain sports. Media representations prioritize sexuality over athletic skill, reinforcing gender biases. Achieving gender equity in sports requires dismantling these pervasive stereotypes and implementing structured empowerment initiatives within national development agendas. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Extended Abstract <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Background and Purpose <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Gender and gender stereotypes in sports constitute a significant and unique area of sociological inquiry. Gender stereotypes comprise widely held socio-cultural beliefs attributing specific traits and capabilities to men and women. Despite notable progress in women's participation in sports, the domain remains predominantly perceived as male. Sports are intimately linked with cultural constructs of masculinity and femininity, with societal pressures regarding gender stereotypes more intensely affecting women than men. This study aims to conduct a sociological analysis of gender stereotypes in women's sports to uncover their mechanisms and contribute to narrowing the gender gap in this field. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Methods <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This qualitative study applied thematic analysis to systematically examine prevailing gender stereotypes in women's sports. Employing purposeful theoretical sampling, the research selected sources providing rich, relevant data addressing the research question. A comprehensive literature search using keywords such as gender stereotypes, sports, women’s sports, gender norms, and stereotypical thinking gathered 150 validated studies from reputable databases including Google Scholar, Sage, ScienceDirect, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Scimago, and ISC. Data were analyzed following theme network and comparative thematic formats. Textual content was refined by identifying semantically related phrases, sentences, and references, which were then coded. Coding continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The resulting thematic network delineated gender stereotypes influencing women's sports. Validity was ensured via expert review and feedback on the analytical results. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Results<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Thematic analysis revealed four organizing themes: gender identity stereotypes, body identity stereotypes, sports identity stereotypes, and media representation of gender stereotypes, all united under the overarching semantic theme of gender-dominant stereotypes impacting women’s sports. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The gender identity stereotypes theme centered on “ideal femininity” and “elusive masculinity.” “Ideal femininity” encompassed maintaining feminine attractiveness, slenderness, adherence to traditional norms, and seeking approval rooted in feminine characteristics. “Elusive masculinity” involved avoidance of masculinization, fear of muscularity, stigma related to crossing femininity boundaries, and stereotype threat. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Body identity stereotypes comprised “muscle phobia” and “female body norms.” “Muscle phobia” highlighted the preference for elegance, resistance to muscular development, and alignment with conventional beauty standards. “Female body norms” reflected the idealization of balanced and delicate female athlete physiques and gendered perceptions of bodily form. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Sports identity stereotypes included “sports participation stereotypes,” “sports-specific stereotypes,” and “functional gender stereotypes.” “Sports participation stereotypes” involved beliefs limiting women’s suitability for sports and stereotypes across different disciplines. “Sports-specific stereotypes” discouraged women’s involvement in high-impact or competitive sports while endorsing activities like gymnastics. “Functional gender stereotypes” perpetuated notions of women’s physical weakness, undermined female athletic performance, and trivialized their achievements. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Media representation of gender stereotypes emphasized the overshadowing of sports performance by femininity and sexualization, gender discrimination, patriarchal dominance in media portrayals, and negative biases toward female athletes. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conclusion <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Women’s bodies are socially constructed objects subject to gendered stereotypes mandating a carefully maintained feminine identity. Female athletes confront persistent anxieties about muscularity and pressures to conform to slender, balanced body ideals. Society often fails to adequately support women’s sports participation, categorizing female athletes as inherently weak and occasionally restricting access to certain sports. Media representations prioritize sexuality over athletic skill, reinforcing gender biases. Achieving gender equity in sports requires dismantling these pervasive stereotypes and implementing structured empowerment initiatives within national development agendas. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Keywords:<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Stereotype, Women’s Sports, Gender Norms, Gender Equality <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Article Message <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Despite advancements in women’s sports, persistent gender stereotypes and discriminatory narratives hinder achievement and equality. Nonetheless, the gradual erosion of these stereotypes alongside outstanding female athletic accomplishments indicates the potential for sports to challenge traditional gender norms. Research of this nature can inform societal attitudes and positively influence sports policies to support women’s full participation and success. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Ethical Considerations <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">All ethical guidelines pertinent to this study were strictly observed. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Authors’ Contributions <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">All authors contributed equally to this research. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conflict of Interest <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We express gratitude to all individuals who contributed support throughout this research. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Article Message <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Despite advancements in women’s sports, persistent gender stereotypes and discriminatory narratives hinder achievement and equality. Nonetheless, the gradual erosion of these stereotypes alongside outstanding female athletic accomplishments indicates the potential for sports to challenge traditional gender norms. Research of this nature can inform societal attitudes and positively influence sports policies to support women’s full participation and success. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Ethical Considerations <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">All ethical guidelines pertinent to this study were strictly observed. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Authors’ Contributions <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">All authors contributed equally to this research. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conflict of Interest <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We express gratitude to all individuals who contributed support throughout this research. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان بود. پژوهش از نوع تحقیق کیفی بود که با استفاده از روش تحلیل تماتیک (تحلیل مضمون) انجام شد؛ بر این اساس، 150 پژوهش معتبر از مجموعه اسناد و پژوهش‌های علمی از پایگاه‌های پراستناد معتبر علمی با محوریت کلیشه‌های جنسیتی در ورزش، به ‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و براساس اشتراک مفهومی تحلیل و کدگذاری شد. از هشت مضمون پایه (اصلی)، چهار مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و درنهایت تم فراگیر استخراج شد که شبکه مضامین مرتبط با کلیشه‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان را ترسیم و تحلیل کرد. روش اعتبارسنجی پژوهش نیز براساس ارائه و بازخورد نتایج پژوهش به صاحب‌نظران برای تأیید نهایی آن اعمال شد. براساس تحلیل مضمون داده‌های پژوهش، چهار مضمون سازمان‌دهنده شامل کلیشه‌های هویت جنسیتی، کلیشه‌های هویت بدنی، کلیشه‌های هویت ورزشی و بازنمایی رسانه‌ای کلیشه‌های جنسیتی در ورزش زنان، شناسایی شدند که توانستند مضمون مرکزی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی حاکم بر ورزش زنان را آشکار کنند. <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">به ‌طور کلی، کلیشه‌های جنسیتی سطح وسیعی از ورزش زنان را از ظاهر ورزشکار تا هویت جنسیتی آن‌ها، عملکرد ورزشی زنان و نوع بازنمایی آن‌ها را در برمی‌گیرند؛ از‌این‌رو زنان ورزشکار و بسیاری از عاملان بانفوذ در ورزش می‌توانند کلیشه‌های جنسیتی را که مانند دیوار محکمی در مقابل پیشرفت زنان ورزشکار قرار دارد، از میان بردارند.

https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3874_2ed80f6311c1825feb854d78fa969d34.pdf