https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/ Research on Educational Sport en daily 1 Sun, 19 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0430 Sun, 19 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0430 https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2012.html Attention to the development and expansion of student sport plays an important role in ‎enhancing student participation in sport, developing athletic talent, and promoting a healthy ‎and active lifestyle. Student sporting events, despite their high advertising potential, do not ‎receive much financial support. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of ‎financial support in promoting the status of student sport in Iran and presenting a model of ‎sport financial support in student sport events.‎A researcher-made questionnaire based on the three-branch analysis model (Mirzaei ‎Ahrangani) was divided into three groups of structural, behavioral and contextual factors ‎based on Likert's 5-point scale. Face validity, construct validity and reliability of the ‎questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.9) were confirmed. Statistical population was sponsors, ‎coaches and sport authorities of the country which completed 254 questionnaires.‎The results showed, respectively, structural dimensions: marketing, information technology, ‎legal and legal systems (0.984), context: political-managerial, mass communication (0.965) ‎and behavioral: educational-managerial, sport promotion Student (0.960) is effective in ‎sponsoring student sport events. Therefore, the adoption of governor laws, ongoing ‎communication with organizations, and empowering student-athletes in marketing will play ‎an important role in attracting financial support.‎ https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2616.html The purpose of this study was to determine the strategic priorities of physical education in schools based on the document of fundamental change in Education in Iran. Method: The research was conducted in a mixed method and in the qualitative part, thirteen members of the Strategic Council participated in determining the main components of the questionnaire. In the quantitative part, the statistical sample consisted of 120 deputies of physical education and health of the provinces, heads and experts in the field of physical education in the provinces and headquarters. Research tools: 1- researcher-made questionnaire . 2- IFE, EFE and SWOT matrices were used to determine the strategic position and strategy formulation and QSPM matrix was used to prioritize the strategies and descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the findings. Findings: The findings showed that the strategic position of physical education in Iranian schools is in an offensive position and has six strengths, six weaknesses, six opportunities and six threats. After analyzing the matrices, four SO strategies, two WO strategies, two ST strategies and one WT strategy and a total of nine strategies were identified. These strategies were then prioritized in the QSPM matrix. Conclusion: It seems that based on the prioritization of strategies, improving the level of motor literacy of students and promoting a dynamic lifestyle as the main programs, considered by the developers of physical education and student sports policies of IRAN, https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3037.html The present study was a descriptive and strategic study that was conducted with the aim of determining strategies for Iran's Youth football development. The statistical population of the present study included Managers of clubs, football managers, coaches, heads of Provincial football Association, heads of schools’ Football Associations of the country's provinces, football federation staff, university professors, and elites. Data were collected by total number sampling method. In the present study, the score model was used and the method of interviews and strategic council meetings were used to collect the required data. For this purpose, after identifying the performance key areas of Iran's Youth football, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews and also holding strategic council meetings, the Environment Analysis including strengths, limitations, opportunities and risks was performed. Then Expectations in each key area for Youth football was determinded. Finally, a key strategy was identified for each key area to meet the expected expectations. In order to implement the developed strategies, it is suggested to determine the timing corresponding to each strategy using time planning techniques.Also, the appropriate budget for each case should be predicted and allocated, and Evaluation indicators for the implementation of strategies should be specified. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4049.html The purpose of the current research is to interpret the development of student sports based on lifelong and sustainable development in May-Pashed school sports.The research method was mixed(qualitative-quantitative) and in the qualitative part of the foundation theory and in the quantitative part of the interpretive structural modeling, effective and effective identifications were used. The statistical population of the research consisted of all specialists who had sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of student sports(n=17) who were selected purposefully. The results showed that changes 1. Attention to plans and sports associations of schools, 2. The factor of learners (improvement of performance and improvement of the status of students) and3. Advertising and information(within school) in affiliated houses or effective changes identified has been are Infrastructural and financial factors between independent and connected clusters; And other changes are placed in the linked cluster. In general, the development of student sports is an important part of socioeconomic development that can lead to an increase in social vitality and national productivity, as well as infrastructural and financial factors that are the main principles and characteristics of windy cities, specialization and management are important contextual factors. In the sustainable development of student sports, they are more important in the development of student sports. It should be said that all cases work like a cycle, each of the parts can provide another context or complement it. This means that one factor alone cannot cause the development of school sports and give special attention to all cases. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4582.html This study aimed to identify strategies for promoting active leisure time among transgender individuals in Iran. Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing a thematic analysis strategy to propose solutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 experts, including university professors, sports managers, and social science researchers, as well as through a review of existing theoretical studies. Data analysis was conducted using MaxQDA 2022 software and thematic analysis based on the steps outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). The findings revealed three main strategies for promoting active leisure time among transgender individuals: strategic, educational, research, and social. Strategic strategies include legal support, policymaking, and the provision of sports and recreational opportunities. Academic and research strategies emphasize educational reforms, inclusivity, awareness-raising, and cultural development. Social strategies involve empowerment and social support, religious and social participation, social welfare, and family and community involvement. The discussion and conclusion emphasize the necessity of creating inclusive and supportive environments, developing anti-discrimination policies, and providing public education about transgender issues to enhance their participation in physical activities and improve their mental and physical health. This study underscores the need for collaboration among policymakers, educators, and local communities to establish inclusive and supportive sports and recreational environments for transgender individuals https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4586.html This study aimed to develop a model for enhancing the role of parents in promoting physical activity among children and adolescents through social marketing. The research employed a qualitative approach based on grounded theory using Glaser’s methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in sports marketing, coaches, psychologists, and physical education teachers. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, resulting in 25 subcategories and 133 concepts categorized into 8 main themes. The findings indicated that parents could significantly influence their children's participation in physical activities through role modeling, providing emotional and financial support, fostering parent-child interactions, and shaping positive attitudes toward sports. Additionally, the use of technology and digital media, incentive-based programs, and comprehensive national policies were identified as effective social marketing tools to promote a sports culture and reduce social and economic barriers. Key challenges, such as economic constraints, cultural and social norms, especially the high costs of sports and gender-based attitudes, were among the most significant obstacles identified. The study concludes that a comprehensive and multidimensional model that integrates families, communities, and governmental organizations can significantly contribute to fostering a culture of sports and improving the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. It is recommended that governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) design interactive social marketing campaigns and provide support for parents, such as skill-based training and financial assistance, to strengthen their role in this process. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4587.html Mascot design is recognized as an effective tool in branding and audience engagement in the world of sports. Mascots, by representing the cultural, social, and sports identity of a brand, can have significant impacts on building emotional connections with the audience and enhancing brand recognition. This research aimed to design a mascot for the Iranian University Sports Federation and identify its desirable features. A qualitative research method was used, with semi-structured interviews conducted with 15 experts in the fields of sports branding, mascot design, and sports management. The data were analyzed using coding and thematic analysis methods. The findings indicated that the design of the university sports mascot in Iran should focus on several key dimensions, including visual features, cultural and national values, and brand personality. The use of Iranian symbols, such as the Simorgh, and national colors (green, white, red) as part of the brand’s cultural identity helps to enhance the sense of national pride and belonging. Additionally, considering brand personalities and Jungian archetypes (Hero, Outlaw, Sage, etc.) in designing mascots to create emotional and motivational connections with the audience is crucial. This research also suggests that mascots should be integrated into the broader branding strategy of the federation and incorporated into digital platforms, interactive programs, and cultural and sports events. The results of this study can contribute to creating a distinct and sustainable identity for Iranian university sports that is impactful both nationally and internationally. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4645.html Background and PurposeThe growing global concern about physical inactivity among children and adolescents necessitates innovative approaches to promote physical literacy and sports participation. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework utilizing social marketing principles to address this critical public health challenge. The study was grounded in the recognition that traditional methods of promoting physical activity have shown limited success, particularly in sustaining long-term engagement among youth populations. Our framework integrates multidimensional perspectives from public health, sports pedagogy, and behavioral marketing to create a holistic approach. The theoretical foundation draws upon established models of social marketing while incorporating unique cultural and institutional factors specific to children's physical activity contexts. By focusing on social marketing as the central mechanism, this study provides novel insights into how strategic communication, product design, and behavioral incentives can be effectively combined to create sustainable physical activity patterns. The framework was designed to serve multiple stakeholders including policymakers, educators, sports organizations, and public health professionals working at the intersection of youth development and physical activity promotion. Importantly, the study emphasizes the cultural dimensions of physical literacy, recognizing that effective interventions must be contextually relevant to their target populations.MethodsThe qualitative research method was chosen with a thematic approach (thematic analysis). The participants of the research included scientific experts (university professors and researchers) and executive experts (managers and organizational experts) of the subject of the research. The number of samples was selected according to the theoretical saturation of 16 people. Sampling was also done in a theoretical (judgmental) way. The research tool was semi-exploratory interview (semi-directed) along with library and document study. The validity of the research tools and results was evaluated and confirmed based on the desirability of the scientific and executive competence of the interviewees, the validity of the content of the interview framework by expert researchers, and the level of agreement between the two coders. Multi-stage conceptual coding method was used to analyze the findings.ResultsThe extracted conceptual framework included 5 general themes, 11 main themes, 42 sub-themes and 160 conceptual codes. General themes and their main themes include; The environmental base for the development of physical literacy and basic sports (environmental drivers and boys), the efficiency of the physical education system and recreational sports (institutional and organizational capacity and inter-organizational cooperation), social marketing of physical literacy and children's sports. effectiveness of social marketing processes and mix), capacity building for the development of children's physical literacy and sports (sports opportunities and environments and evolution in physical literacy mechanisms) and sustainable development of children's physical literacy and sports (promotion of physical and movement literacy, growth Sports participation and their functions were comprehensive. Particularly noteworthy findings included the identification of six key social marketing principles uniquely applicable to children's physical activity: peer modeling, incentive structuring, message framing, product bundling, place accessibility, and price sensitivity. The environmental analysis revealed three critical success factors: policy alignment, community infrastructure, and cultural values. Institutional components highlighted the importance of teacher training, curricular integration, and multi-stakeholder partnerships. The capacity building dimension emphasized innovative approaches to programming, facilities design, and family engagement.ConclusionThis study presents a groundbreaking multidimensional framework that significantly advances theoretical and practical understanding of physical literacy promotion through social marketing. The findings demonstrate that effective implementation requires simultaneous attention to five interdependent dimensions: environmental enablers, institutional readiness, marketing sophistication, capacity development, and sustainability mechanisms. The framework's primary theoretical contribution lies in its integration of social marketing principles with physical literacy development models, creating a novel approach that addresses both individual behaviors change and systemic transformation. Practically, the research provides actionable insights for policymakers, suggesting that successful interventions should: (1) establish supportive policy environments through inter-sectoral collaboration; (2) optimize physical education systems via teacher training and curriculum enhancement; (3) implement targeted social marketing campaigns using child-centric messaging strategies; (4) develop infrastructure and programs that remove participation barriers; and (5) embed monitoring systems to ensure sustained impact. The study identifies three critical pathways for future research: investigation of digital marketing's role in physical literacy promotion, cross-cultural validation of the framework's components, and longitudinal assessment of intervention sustainability. The framework's robustness is evidenced by its alignment with contemporary theories of behavioral economics, social ecology, and positive youth development, while its practical utility is demonstrated through multiple real-world applications documented during the research process. This study fundamentally reorients physical literacy promotion from an activity-based paradigm to a holistic developmental model that recognizes the complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors in creating lasting behavioral change. Article messageThis study examines the role of social marketing in promoting physical literacy and increasing children's sports participation through an innovative framework. By integrating environmental, institutional, and social dimensions, the research provides practical strategies for engaging children in physical activities. The findings not only assist policymakers and coaches in designing effective programs but also propose a novel approach - based on social marketing mechanisms - for institutionalizing sports culture among future generations. This framework can serve as a foundation for transforming children's physical education systems and ensuring future community health.Ethical ConsiderationsAll ethical principles were strictly observed in this research. Participants voluntarily participated with full knowledge of the study's objectives, retaining the right to withdraw at any stage. Complete confidentiality of identities and collected data was maintained, with information used solely for scientific purposes. The study received approval from the relevant research ethics committee.Authors' ContributionsThis article derives from a doctoral dissertation, with research contributions from: the student (principal researcher), primary and secondary supervisors, and first and second advisory professors.Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest. All research stages – from design to implementation and analysis – were conducted with scientific impartiality following research standards. The authors confirm no financial or professional relationships that could influence the study's outcomes.AcknowledgmentsThe authors sincerely thank all professors, specialists, and experts who contributed through interviews and professional consultations to complete this research. Their dedicated participation was invaluable to this study.    https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4739.html This meta-analysis examines interventions aimed at promoting environmental behaviors through educational sports programs. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and relevant Iranian databases, for studies published until winter 2023. In total, 34 studies focused on school and university settings were included in this analysis. These studies investigated interventions that combined sports activities with environmental education, targeting behaviors such as recycling, energy conservation, and environmental advocacy. Data were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, employing a random effects model to assess the overall impact of these interventions. The findings revealed that educational sports programs significantly promote environmental behaviors, with a moderate overall effect. School-based interventions were particularly effective, showing slightly higher impact than university programs, although the latter demonstrated more sustainable behavioral changes. Outdoor sports, especially those involving direct interaction with nature, were found to be more effective than indoor activities. The analysis also indicated that younger participants and female students were more responsive to these interventions. The study concludes with practical recommendations for policymakers in Iran's Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology to incorporate these findings into national and university curricula, supporting the broader adoption of sustainable practices through sports. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4740.html Physical literacy (PL) and self-efficacy are key factors influencing the quality of physical education(PE) teachers' instruction, and enhancing these two factors contributes to improving teaching quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a targeted professional development program (PDP) on Pl and self-efficacy beliefs among PE teachers. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures and a control group was employed. The study sample consisted of 70 PE teachers from Kermanshah Province who were actively teaching during the 2023–2024 academic year, The teachers were purposively selected from individuals with no prior participation in professional development workshops and were then randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (35 participants) and a control group (35 participants). Data were collected using the 9-item PL Perception Questionnaire (Sam et al, 2016) and the 24-item Teacher Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001). Following the pre-test and completion of the questionnaires, the experimental group participated in a selected PDP consisting of eight 120-minute sessions (adapted from the PDP by Sam et al., 2021). The control group did not receive any training. At the end of the sessions, the PL and teaching self-efficacy questionnaires were administered again to both groups. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA test. The results indicated that the selected PDP had a significant effect on PL and self-efficacy beliefs of PE teachers. This program provided substantial benefits for the knowledge content related to PL and their self-efficacy beliefs. Therefore, the inclusion of PDP in PE teacher training is recommended. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4742.html This study aimed to provide a conceptual framework for the professionalization of the Iranian student sports system using a qualitative and content analysis method. The statistical population consisted of experts from the Deputy of Physical Education of the Ministry of Education, the Student Sports Federation, physical education teachers, and university professors who were selected based on their scientific, educational, and administrative backgrounds in this field. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 people, and theoretical sampling was carried out until saturation was reached. Data analysis included multi-stage coding and theme extraction with the participation of two researchers, and the validity of the data was confirmed by content analysis and the validity of the analysis by comparing the codes by the researchers, and the standards of validity and reliability were observed. The findings showed that the framework for the professionalization of student sports can be explained in four main axes: 1) Professionalization platforms including opportunities, requirements, and barriers; 2) Professionalization capacities including professional management, resource optimization, human resource empowerment, and institutional cohesion; 3) Professionalization of programs including health promotion, education, and learning; and holding standard events; and 4) professionalization functions include the professional growth of stakeholders and the professional advancement of student sports that can be explained, leading to the realization of the professionalization of student sports. The results of this research can be a strategic framework for policymaking and planning in the Ministry of Education and the Student Sports Federation. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4744.html In today's educational landscape, teachers must not only possess the necessary scientific and practical skills but also demonstrate the ability to generate innovative ideas in their teaching processes. This study aims to design a model for training innovative student-teachers in physical education, providing a foundation for the advancement of modern educational methods. The research adopts a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. The study population consists of faculty members in the field of physical education at Farhangian University. Given the nature and methodology of the research, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. Ultimately, through a snowball sampling approach, 12 participants were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and the thematic analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase model. This process led to the identification of 53 initial codes, 9 sub-themes, and 4 main themes: factors related to student-teachers, faculty members, university facilities and resources, and managerial aspects. The findings indicate that fostering innovation among student-teachers in physical education requires a comprehensive perspective encompassing individual, educational, and managerial dimensions. By creating sound and comprehensive policies in this area, we can provide a platform for student teachers to be creative, innovative thinkers. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4756.html Purpose: considering the very important role of participation in physical activity in adolescents’ physical and mental health, the current research aimed to investigate the status of health-oriented physical activity in adolescents and provide a conceptual model for the development of adolescents’ participation in health-oriented physical activities. Methods: In this research, 384 boys and girls (age range between 14 to 17 years-old) from Golestan province were selected by available sampling method and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Also, 11 experts participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings: The results showed that more than half of the adolescents do not participate in health-oriented physical activity. Also, girls have lower health-oriented physical activity than boys. The qualitative part of the research showed that there are several individual and social factors that influence the development of participation in physical activity. Also, managerial, cultural, financial and urban factors interfere in this process. In addition, several solutions such as those related to the trustees, municipality, cultural areas and economic and financial issues have an effect on the development of adolescents’ participation in health-oriented physical activity, which, if implemented correctly, can be expected to increase adolescents’ participation in health-oriented physical activities. Reduction of treatment costs and general satisfaction of citizens are also expected consequences. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this research emphasize the need to adopt strategies to improve the health-oriented physical activity level of adolescents, focusing on girls. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4774.html This study aimed to design a research development model for physical education at the Ministry of Education of Iran. Using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory, the study employed the emergent (Glaserian) approach for data analysis. The research participants included 14 university faculty members, experts in sports research, and relevant officials in the research sector of the Ministry of Education, selected through purposive and judgmental sampling. Based on the coding results, four main components of research development were identified: organizational components, including managerial support for researchers, facilitation of research-related regulations, and inter-organizational collaboration; structural components, such as the utilization of theoretical and philosophical foundations of research, determination of research priorities, and adoption of a systemic approach to research affairs; process components, covering incentives and performance requirements in research, emphasis on curriculum and extracurricular programs with a research focus, and the enhancement of research knowledge and the training of research-oriented experts and coaches; and human components, incorporating prerequisites for research development, access to research tools, mastery of research fundamentals, and familiarity with the research environment within the Ministry of Education. The findings indicate that these components play a crucial role in advancing research in physical education at the Ministry of Education, and focusing on these factors can effectively facilitate the growth of research in this field. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4794.html This study aimed to identify and prioritize factors influencing the participation of sports federations in student talent identification. Using a qualitative, exploratory–analytical design, participants were selected through purposive sampling and included 11 experts with managerial experience, academic background, policy-making knowledge, and direct involvement in federations. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective) with MAXQDA 2020. Findings indicated that effective strategies could be classified into three main dimensions, organizational, operational, and informational, comprising 59 key indicators. Results from the Friedman test highlighted human resources, extracurricular programs, and social networks as the most critical factors. Credibility was ensured through expert validation. Overall, the study provides a foundation for evidence-based policymaking and enhanced collaboration between sports federations and educational institutions to strengthen talent development and human capital. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4795.html The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of work-family conflict on the performance of physical education teachers in Semnan province with the role of mediator and moderator of job stress. This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlational in terms of method, cross-sectional in terms of time, and survey in terms of data collection method. In terms of design, it is non-experimental and correlational in terms of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all physical education teachers in Semnan province in the academic year 2023-2024 (300 people). The sample size was estimated according to Kline's theory (2014) and the number of items was between 100 and 400 people. The data collection tools are Saragih 's job stress questionnaire (2011), Buil et al.'s job performance (2019), and Netenmeyer et al.'s family-work and work-family conflict (1996). The distribution of the questionnaires was accessible. SPSS and Smart-PLS 4 statistical software were also used to analyze the data. The findings showed that work-family conflict has a negative and significant effect on the job performance of physical education teachers in Semnan province with the moderating role of job stress, and job stress has a mediating role in the relationship between family-work conflict and job performance, meaning that part of the effect of family-work conflict on job performance depends on the presence of the job stress variable. These results emphasize the need for multi-level interventions to break this vicious cycle. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4805.html This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of factors influencing students' choice of sports field with emphasis on family contexts and using data-based theory based on the Strauss-Corbin approach. Educational and student sports experts, including sports management professors with works related to educational and student sports studies, managers and officials of sports organizations (student sports, related federations and education) formed coaches and teachers and Purposive sampling method until reaching the theoretical saturation limit, 20 people participated in the interview. For data analysis, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used. While conducting a semi-structured interview with the experts, a set of primary themes were collected during the recoding process and categories were extracted from them. In the central coding stage, the link between the categories under the headings of causal conditions including intra-individual factors, extra-individual factors and macro factors, contextual factors including individual contexts, educational contexts and macro contexts, intervening conditions including elements of growth and development, educational obstacles and Limiting elements, strategies including family-personal strategies, macro-strategies and sports strategies and for outcomes including the flourishing of student sports, the growth of student sports and the improvement and strengthening of the talent search system were determined in the form of a coding paradigm. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4806.html The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining and pathology of the current pattern of sports talent identification in education systam in Sistan and Baluchistan province. The method of the present research was qualitative and according to the grounded theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin (2008) model. The scope of the research included physical education experts, teachers and physical education teachers of Sistan and Baluchistan province. The target sample was selected according to the targeted sampling approach and included 7 physical education experts from the Department of Education, 17 physical education teachers and 8 teachers. In order to check the validity and reliability of the findings, Lincoln and Kuba's 1980 criteria (reliability, transferability, reliability and verifiability) were used. The results show the axis of inefficiency of the talent search process in education (unsystematic talent search; lack of attention to talent retention). and based on causal conditions (including components such as communication-environmental factors; economic-equipment factors; and managerial-organizational factors), background conditions (including components: organizational attraction, maintenance and promotion processes; and cultural factors- social), restrictive intervening conditions (including operational and attitudinal challenges), facilitating intervening conditions (including competitive advantages and discourse creation), Strategic conditions (including motivational strategies; indexing and standardization; organizational monitoring and supervision; and supporting atmosphere and environment) and the consequences of the current situation and the consequences of the use of strategies were organized. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4820.html The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of recreational games on working memory and reaction time of inactive overweight female students. The method of this study was quasi-experimental and its design included pre-test-post-test with a control group. The participants were 32 inactive overweight female students with a mean age of 11.31±1.2 years and a body mass index between 25 and 30 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (N=16) and control groups (N=16). The experimental group participated in the recreational games program for 12 weeks, two 60-minute weekly sessions. The control group performed the usual physical education class activities. A demographic information questionnaire, working memory test, and simple reaction time cognitive software were used to measure the data. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the twelve-week recreational games program significantly improved working memory and reaction time variables in the experimental group. At the same time, no significant changes were observed in the control group. The results indicate that a recreational games program can be a suitable strategy to increase participation and improve cognitive functions. According to the results, the use of recreational games can be an effective strategy to promote physical activity and cognitive development of students, regardless of their weight status and body composition. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4821.html In recent years, modern educational approaches have increasingly sought to enhance the quality of learning by actively engaging students in the instructional process. These methods also aim to support students’ psychological and developmental growth. This study examined the effects of four instructional strategies—Jigsaw, Tournament, the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility, and the Traditional method—on the development of social skills among adolescent boys in physical education classes. Employing a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures, the study included four groups (each with 20 participants). The sample consisted of elementary school boys from East Azerbaijan Province, selected through cluster sampling. Each group was exposed to a different teaching method over a 16-week period: 1) Cooperative learning – Jigsaw, 2) Cooperative learning – Tournament, 3) Individual and Social Responsibility approach, and 4) Traditional instruction in physical education. Social skills were assessed using the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05 with SPSS software. The findings revealed a significant main effect of group and a significant interaction effect between time and group. All four groups showed improvements in social skills after the intervention, with the Traditional group scoring significantly lower than both the Jigsaw and Responsibility groups. The results suggest that cooperative learning methods—particularly Jigsaw and Tournament—were more effective in enhancing students’ social skills compared to the other methods. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4851.html The purpose of the present study is to design and formulate the Iranian Charter of Chivalry (Pahlevani). In today’s world—the era of industry and technology—the moral principles and chivalric ethos have faded and been largely forgotten. Now, more than ever, society needs their revival and cultivation. This research, exploratory in nature, was conducted through a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of professional managers, expert professors, renowned champions, athletes, and all individuals with lived experiences in the field of Pahlevani culture. Purposeful sampling and the snowball technique were employed to conduct in-depth interviews. In total, 15 experts in Pahlevani were interviewed. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire on the conceptual dimensions of chivalry, and deep interviews were applied as the main research instrument. From the 15 conducted interviews, 945 primary codes were extracted. By integrating sub-themes into main categories, eight core themes were identified. The hierarchical significance of chivalric components, based on frequency percentage, includes: People-loving (community-centeredness), Bravery, Faith and Piety, Honesty and Sincerity, Humility and Modesty, Justice-seeking, Patriotism, and Generosity. The necessity of familiarizing Iranian society with this model and its components—and striving to transform behavioral patterns toward operationalizing this model—is increasingly felt in contemporary times. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4852.html Physical inactivity among adolescents is a pressing concern for both public health and educational systems, often leading to negative outcomes such as obesity, poor physical self-concept, and reduced social engagement. Health-Promoting Schools (HPS) offer a comprehensive framework to encourage active lifestyles through integrated school-based strategies. This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of a gamified physical education intervention on students’ sporting capital—a multidimensional construct comprising physiological, psychological, and social components. A total of 244 students (135 girls and 109 boys) from certified HPS schools in Tehran participated in the study, assigned to experimental and control groups. Results from ANCOVA indicated a significant positive effect of the intervention on sporting capital across both genders. Furthermore, perceived parental support significantly moderated the intervention's effectiveness, while the sense of socialization showed a marginal moderating effect. The findings suggest that gamification, when embedded within the HPS framework, can serve as a meaningful pedagogical strategy to foster intrinsic motivation, sporting identity, and social bonding in adolescents, thereby offering a sustainable model for enhancing physical engagement and well-being in school settings. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4853.html The present research method is qualitative and exploratory with a thematic analysis strategy and is considered a fundamental research in terms of its purpose. The participants in this study included experts and people with experience in the field of e-sports, e-sports players, e-sports club managers, managers and experts of the e-sports association, senior education managers, and sports teachers. The purposive sampling method was used in this study. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants to collect information, and theoretical saturation was achieved with 16 interviews. MaxQDA version 22 software was used in this study. The thematic analysis strategy was used to obtain information for this study. development and strengthening of educational infrastructure, economic growth and job creation, promotion and culture building, and development of technology and digital infrastructure. The findings of this study also indicate fifteen concepts, including: government funding and support, macro-policymaking in the field of sports, development of sports management and policymaking, improvement of educational infrastructure, access to digital technologies, promotion of educational knowledge and skills, economic growth and job creation,, holding competitions and events, improving technological and Internet infrastructure, advertising and mass media, and development of educational technologies. The results of this study showed that physical education and sports lessons in Iranian schools, considering the characteristics, lifestyle, needs, wants, and demands of Generation Z students, require a change in approach and development through technology and the introduction of e-sports as a complement. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4854.html The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships of school environment factors affecting the participation of students with disabilities in physical activities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of methodology. In the qualitative section, the research approach was based on a systematic review of the literature, and in the quantitative section, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used. In the literature review section, 14 studies were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and in the quantitative section, 10 experts and professionals in the fields of education, physical education, and rehabilitation were chosen. The quality assessment in the qualitative section was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, and in the quantitative section, face validity and Cohen’s kappa coefficient were employed. The qualitative findings identified 42 concepts, which were categorized into 12 themes. In the quantitative section, the results indicated that the factors were divided into six levels in the hierarchical model; at the sixth (lowest) level was the factor "school leaders," and at the top level was the factor "participation in physical activity." Additionally, it was found that factors such as "specialized human resources," "dedicated physical environment," and "appropriate equipment" were in the linkage cluster, playing a key role in connecting with other factors. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4855.html Background: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and obesity among children and adolescents has risen markedly. Physical activity during adolescence plays a key role in shaping a physically active lifestyle in adulthood and can influence their physical health. This study aims to present a causal model to examine the effects of urban environmental factors on students’ health. The study population consisted of secondary-school adolescents in District 4 of Tehran, selected through a two-stage cluster random sampling method. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis. The results indicate that the proposed model fits the data well, and variables such as neighborhood dynamics and safety, residential density, street connectivity, and facilities for walking and cycling are significant predictors of adolescents’ health indices. The findings suggest that upgrading urban infrastructure and improving access to physical activity facilities can promote active behaviors and enhance youth health. These results emphasize the importance of urban policy that designs healthy and active environments. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4883.html This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the code of professional ethics in traditional sports, focusing on Zurkhaneh sports and Pahlavani wrestling, through a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. The population consisted of academic experts, sports managers and officials, religious scholars, Zurkhaneh veterans, and coaches. Sampling was conducted purposefully and through snowball sampling, achieving thematic saturation with 17 semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-stage thematic analysis. Validity was assessed using criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability, with an inter-coder agreement of 84%, indicating high reliability. The findings included 210 initial codes, categorized into 35 sub-themes and ultimately four main domains: "spirituality-centered philosophy," "cultural and national identity," "professional ethics," and "social responsibility." The spirituality-centered domain emphasized self-purification, worship in sports, trust in God, humility, and the sanctity of the Zurkhaneh environment. Cultural and national identity encompassed cultural heritage, traditional language, ritual music, the architecture of the Zurkhaneh pit, and national symbols. Professional ethics highlighted principles such as honesty in competition, justice, responsibility, humility after victory, adherence to rules, and group cohesion. Social responsibility focused on being a role model in society, social participation, the educational role of coaches, promoting values through media, and countering ethical deviations. This framework, while preserving the cultural and spiritual essence of Zurkhaneh sports, addresses contemporary challenges and can guide policymaking and the development of ethical behavior. The study’s innovation lies in its culturally grounded approach, which also holds potential for global applicability. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4935.html Ethical behavior in any society is a symbol of culture, lifestyle, social acceptance, and law-abidingness of the individuals in that society. In the meantime, universities, as dynamic and student-centered environments with high ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity, play an important role in institutionalizing ethics. The present study was conducted using a qualitative and content analysis method with the aim of identifying factors affecting the ethical behavior of physical education students in the university environment. The statistical population of the study included fourteen experts and experts related to the subject who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2024 software, and during three coding stages (open, sub-theme, and main theme), 146 open codes, 15 sub-themes, and 5 main themes were extracted. The main themes include the role of the university, the role of professors and officials, environmental behavior, support, and individual characteristics. The results showed that students' ethical behavior is not limited to individual characteristics, but external factors such as the role of the family, the behavior of university officials, the quality of services provided, and the impact of virtual environments also play a significant role. Accordingly, designing and compiling a code of ethics, culture building, and behavioral modeling in the university environment can play an important role in strengthening ethical behaviors among students. This research emphasizes the need for a multidimensional view of student ethics. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4936.html This research aimed to investigate the role of school physical education in teaching students' individual and social culture and ethics. The research was descriptive (survey) and was conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was 23 experts and elites who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population was equal to the statistical sample and included 91 physical education teachers. The research data collection tool in the qualitative section was semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the qualitative data, the six-stage model of Brown and Clark (2021) was used, and for the quantitative data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling in SmartPLS v.4 software were used. In the qualitative findings section, 99 initial codes were identified, which were placed in the form of 54 sub-themes and 5 main themes. Results showed that all five physical education themes had a positive and significant role in the variable "school physical education". Also, the variable "school physical education" had a positive and significant role in "teaching culture and ethics to students". On the other hand, among the themes predicting school physical education, the contextual (cultural/ethical) factor had the strongest effect. It is suggested to education officials to take steps to advance the education of culture and ethics through school physical education by applying development and improvement strategies and removing obstacles and challenges. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4937.html Traditional Zurkhaneh culture, as one of the most symbolic manifestations of Iranian physical and moral heritage, has deep roots in the nation’s historical identity and spiritual values. This ancient institution has not only functioned as a place for physical training but also as a center for cultivating virtues such as humility, respect, and solidarity among its participants. Over centuries, Zurkhaneh rituals have shaped a unique educational and social structure based on the fusion of physical strength and moral discipline. However, rapid cultural changes, modernization, and shifting generational interests have led to a gradual decline in the authentic practices of this traditional sport.Today, preserving the originality and cultural essence of Zurkhaneh is considered a critical challenge for scholars and cultural managers. This task goes beyond merely recording traditional practices; it requires developing comprehensive strategies that harmonize ancient values with current societal conditions. Understanding how these traditions can be adapted while retaining their ethical and cultural foundations is therefore essential. The survival of Zurkhaneh as a living cultural system depends on integrating its historical identity with modern educational, recreational, and cultural models.Accordingly, the present study aims to identify and classify the most effective approaches for maintaining Zurkhaneh’s authenticity in the face of contemporary transformations. By emphasizing cultural continuity, social participation, and modern adaptability, this research seeks to propose practical solutions for revitalizing the genuine spirit of Zurkhaneh and ensuring its sustainable development within today’s cultural context. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5033.html Women's health-oriented sports, as one of the fundamental pillars of sustainable development in societies, transcend mere physical activity to become a socio-cultural phenomenon.This study aimed to analyze the hindering and facilitating cultural myths, metaphors and symbols affecting women's health-oriented sports and to propose strategies for redefining these semantic frameworks.A qualitative methodology employing theCausal Layered Analysis(CLA)approach was utilized. Data were collected through 21semi-structured interviews with experts in sports science sociology, psychology, nutrition, policy-making, and media, and were analyzed using thematic coding.At the myth/metaphor layer, the findings identified six primary hindering myths"The Weak and Incapable Woman,""Beauty-Thinness,""Motherhood and Housekeeping as the Sole Female Roles,""Sports are Exclusively for Men,""Women's Sports are Insignificant,"and "The Female Athlete Lacks Femininity" Conversely, strategies for redefining and reconstructing these myths were developed around five main axes:promoting themyth of the"Strong, Healthy, and Capable Woman";redefining the myth of "Beauty"with an emphasis on health and body diversity; introducing successful and diverse female athletic role models; leveraging literary, artistic, and historical capacities; and institutionalizing the myth of "Sports for All"It can be concluded that cultural myths profoundly influence women's participation in health-oriented sports, not merely as structural barriers but as meaning-making frameworks.Any strategic planning for the development of this domain necessitates a formof "cultural engineering"wherein redefining these myths and creating new, empowering narratives of the female athlete are prioritized alongside structural interventions.This discursive shift is a prerequisite for realizing health-oriented sports as a social right and a strategic investment in the health and vitality of the foundations of the family and future generations. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5034.html According to the results of the study, which show the effect of sports activities on the academic enthusiasm of male students, this issue has become one of the most important health issues for children and requires a lot of attention and planning from parents and educators. Based on the results of the present study and previous studies that show that sports activities of students lead to the creation and development of self-confidence and enthusiasm for school and studies in them, it is suggested that measures be taken in schools so that students find a suitable passion and enthusiasm for sports activities in order to maintain a desirable level of self-confidence and academic enthusiasm in them. It is also suggested that school administrators organize sports leisure programs for students during the week and on weekends in the form of sports conferences. Also, in order to improve the level of academic enthusiasm and increase the enjoyment of sports activities, they organize leisure and competitive sports programs among students periodically. From a practical point of view, considering the results, it is essential to organize workshops and training classes to properly teach learning strategies and encourage students to use them appropriately. Considering the mediating role of self-directed learning in the relationship between sports activities and students' academic enthusiasm and self-confidence, it is possible to increase students' academic enthusiasm and self-confidence by teaching them to use self-directed learning skills better and providing better quality sports facilities https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5037.html volunteers play a vital role in the sport sector in supporting the delivery of sport, providing independent governance, contributing to community capacity building and supporting sport for development programmes and the delivery of government policy agendas associated with sport. The aim of this research is to analyze the lived experience of the sport volunteers from participating in the students cultural-sports Olympiads, that was done with a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The participants were selected through the purposeful sampling method (n=24). Data was collected through in-depth interviews and reflective conversations and also analyzed by the seven step Diekelmann, Allen & Tanner approach (1989). Attempting to develop the basic capital of life, it was the main theme. Also, the three categories of sub-themes were obtained, which include the gaining social capital, enriching of cultural capital and work and economic perspectives. Hence it can be noted that the lived experience of the sport volunteers of the students cultural-sports Olympiads is attempting to develop the fundamental capital of their lives https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5045.html Mascots, as personified visual symbols, play a key role in branding and organizational identity. The Physical Education and Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran lacks a dedicated mascot. This study aimed to identify visual, branding, desirable, and cultural elements for designing such a mascot.A qualitative approach with thematic analysis was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 key stakeholders (12 internal faculty, 6 external faculty, 4 staff, 3 organizational collaborators). Analysis involved open, axial, and selective coding.Findings extracted 247 initial codes, 38 sub-themes, and five main themes: (1) triple-layered identity (science-sport-technology/innovation), (2) authentic fantasy design avoiding clichés, (3) branding and media functions, (4) connection with Iranian culture (modern approach), and (5) implementation requirements. Archetypal analysis revealed the institute's current personality as "Static Sage", while the desired personality is the "Creative Sage" – a fusion of wisdom, innovation, and dynamism.Conclusion: The institute's mascot should be designed as an "Ambassador of Science, Sport, Technology, and Iranian Culture". The proposed personality combines the Sage (core) and Creator (innovative) archetypes, with traits of intelligence, innovation, energy, and supportiveness. Design style: unique fantasy with a blue (institutional) and energizing color palette. This study demonstrates that designing a mascot is a macro-branding strategy capable of transforming the institute from a "Static Sage" to a "Creative Sage". https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5046.html The sports participation of children with disabilities is affected by multiple barriers, and parents play a key role as gatekeepers. The aim of this study was to examine the barriers and facilitators from the perspective of parents regarding the sports participation of children with disabilities. The present study was qualitative in nature, with research data collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 parents and experts. The number of interviewees continued until theoretical saturation, and thematic analysis and coding were conducted in three stages. Data analysis led to the identification of themes of social attitudes, financial constraints, structural inefficiency, institutional dysfunction, access, parent and child behavioral challenges, coach-centeredness, psychosocial development, facilitation, advocacy, and motivators of sports participation of children with disabilities. It seems that parents face psychological and time pressure, but successful experiences increase motivation. Supportive policies, coach training, and inclusive programs are necessary to increase participation. Ultimately, sports participation of children with disabilities is a multidimensional phenomenon that is influenced by the complex interaction of individual, family, institutional, and social factors, and the examination and action of each family requires multiple consultations and supports. https://res.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5051.html The aim of the present study was to formulate strategies for the development of traditional, ritual and local indigenous sports in Iran with a regional competitiveness approach. The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. In the qualitative part of the study, the objectives, resources, capabilities and environmental factors affecting the development of traditional, ritual and local indigenous sports in Iran were identified through library studies and in-depth interviews with 10 experts in the scientific field to formulate a Meta-SWOT questionnaire.The findings showed that the status of traditional, ritual and local indigenous sports in Iran is in an unfavorable situation compared to the developed country of China, but is in a favorable situation compared to neighboring and developing countries and is almost on par with India. It was found that we do not have inimitable and irreplaceable resources and capabilities in the country because all resources and capabilities are on the left side of the strategic model and only two factors of the capabilities are valuable and inimitable to some extent; But because the bubble of most resources and capabilities was large, it indicates a high strategic fit; on the other hand, among the individual factors, the legal environment and governance of the country, in addition to being very influential in the development of indigenous sports, has a high degree of urgency, and external pressures and sanctions also act as a strong limiting factor in the development of traditional and indigenous local sports in Iran.