Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Ghodratolah Bagheri Bagheri 1
- Ebrahim Alidoust Ghahfarokhi 2
- Mojtaba Amiri 2
- Majid Jalali Farahani 3
1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Colleg of Farabi- Trhran University
2 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Tehran University
3 Associate Professor of governmental management, Tehran University
Abstract
Today, creating a safe environment for sporting activities is an important and vital issue. The present qualitative study with the aim of designing a safety model in sports was conducted using Glacerian Grounded theory which is a data-based theory. To this end, on the basis of snowball technique, 25 experts in safety and sport management participated in this study. They participated in an unstructured in-depth interview. Data obtained from the interview were analyzed by using a set of open, theoretical, selected, note taking and classifying codes simultaneously. Results showed that professional and committed management could be regarded as the main factor and safety culture, Specialized competence, legal and ethical requirements (responsibility, abiding by ethics and law), safety instructions, complying with health requirements, positive environmental approach, physical, mental and individual equipments, ergonomics, sporting sites and buildings, and standard sporting facilities, medical actions and emergency services are other important factors needed to be taken into consideration. Information technology (IT) and communication are also two other factors worth mentioning in safe sporting. According to sporting safety model, it is recommended that we consider the role of different factors in safe sporting activities in order to prevent injuries. It is also suggested that we should take reasonable actions to improve safety in sports. By paying enough attention to essentials and factors which promote the safety in sporting activities, we can achieve safety in sporting, hence preventing the sporting injuries.
Keywords
- Abernethy, L., & MacAuley, D. (2003). Impact of school sports injury: Short report. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(4), 354-355.
- Artinian, B. M., Giske, T., & Cone, P. H. (2009). Glaserian grounded theory in nursing research: Trusting emergence. New York: Springer Publishing.
- Clissold, G., Buttigieg, D. M., & Cieri, H. D. (2012). A psychological approach to occupational safety. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50, 92–109.
- Charmaz, K. (2008). Grounded theory as an emergent method. Handbook of emergent methods, 155, 172., New York: The Guilford Press.
- Danaee Fard, H., Alvani, S. M., & Azar, A. (2015). Quantitative research methodology in management: A comprehensive approach. Tehran: Saffar Publication. (Persian).
- Eduard, N. Y., & Nikolay, V. (2014). Risk assessment in concessions: A case study of municipal sports facilities. Paper presented at The 21st International Economic Conference, Sibiu, Romania.
- Farsi, A., Helalizada, M., Saya, M., Rasekh, N., & Darabi, H. (2005). An investigation into safety conditions in schools and suggestion as to improving those condition. Research on Sport Science, (13), 40-54. (Persian).
- Ford, M. T., & Tetrick, L. E. (2008). Safety motivation and human resource management in North America. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(8), 1472–1485.
- Gholami Torkesaluye, S., Mehdipour, A., & Azmsha, T. (2014) Safety and health assessment of multi-purposes sport halls and its relationship with sports injuries. Applied Research of Sport Management, 4(2), 23-34. (Persian).
- Glaser, B. G. (2008). Conceptualization: On theory and theorizing using grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 22-38.
- Glaser, B. (2005). The grounded theory perspective III: Theoretical coding. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
- Glaser, B. G., & Holton. J. (2007). Remodeling grounded theory, historical social research/historische sozialforschung. Supplement, 19(32), 47-86.
- Heinrich, H. W.,(1959). Industrial Accident Prevention, (4the, Ed), Mc Graw-Hill, U.S.A.
- Jalali Farahani, M. (2010). Sport facilities management. Tehran: University Tehran Press. (Persian).
- Jones, M., & Alony, I. (2011). Guiding the use of grounded theory in doctoral studies: An example from the Australian film industry. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 6(N/A), 95-114.
- Kashef, M., & Hossinnpour, E. (2011). Management of safety and hygiene in sport places and fields. Tehran: Hatmei Press. (Persian).
- Kashef, M. (2009). Sport facilities management. Tehran: Bamdad Ketab Press. (Persian).
- Khaleghnejad, A., & Ziaodini, M. (2016). Relationship between employees’ safety climate and safety performance with respect to mediating effect of safety knowledge and safety motivation in Sarcheshmeh copper complex. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, 4(5), 69-85. (Persian).
- Khosravizadeh, J., Golpaygani, M., Banitalebi, A., & Ghasemi, B. (2007). Prevalence and causes of sports injuries in basketball players of Premier League. Journal of Sport Sciences, (4), 45-52. (Persian).
- Kozachyan, H., Godarzi, M., Khavanen, A., & Farzan, F. (2012). Safety analysis and explain the pattern of physical education in schools and sports halls. Journal of Sport Management, 11, 119-138. (Persian).
- Khakpour, A. R., & Samiei Zafarghandi, A. (2015). Model for safety performance evaluation based on organizational factors affecting safety industries using Fuzzy Inference System. Prevention, 3(1), 25-34. (Persian).
- Lee, M., Sesso, H. D., & Paffenbarger, R. S. (2000). Physical activity and coronary heart disease risk in men: Does the duration of exercise episodes predict risk? Circulation, 102(9), 981-986.
- Mohammadfam, I., Bahrami, A., Fatemi, F., Golmohammadi, R., & Mahjub, H. (2008). Evaluation of the relationship between job stress and unsafe acts with occupational accidents in a vehicle manufacturing plant. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(3), 60-66.
- Moradi, N., (2017). Accidents Student sports during physical education lessons, Annual report of sports Accidents of Khuzestan General Education Department, 2, 5-7. (Persian).
- Mozaffari, S. A. (2009). Planning and management of facilities and sporting venues. Tehran: Morabe Abi. (Persian).
- Nouri Parkestani, H., Alimohammadi, I., Arghami, Sh., Gohari, M., & Farshad, A. (2010). Evaluation of reliability and validity of safety culture questionnaire. Quarterly Journal of Iran Occupational Healt, 7, 18-25. (Persian).
- Mitroff, I. I. (1992). Transforming the crisis-prone organization: preventing individual, organizational, and environmental tragedies. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers
- Sadeghi Naeini, H., Jafari, H., Salehi, E., & Mirlouhi Falavarjani, A. (2012). Child safety in parks playgrounds (a case study in Tehran’s sub-district parks). Iran Occupational Health. 7(3), 37-47. (Persian).
- Saghravani, S., Mortazavi, S., Lagzian, M., & Rahimnia, F. (2014). Forcing theory on data or emerging theory from data: Theory building in humanities using grounded theory methodology. Foundations of Educatio a Bi-annual Journal, 4(1), 151-170. (Persian).
- Saya, M., Dehekhoda, M., Arabeameri, E & Begdeli, M.(2006). Investigating the safety status of sports facilities in Kashan. National Conference on City and Sports, Tehran, Iran.
- Syrus, A. (2006). Safety protection. Isfahan: Manny Press. (Persian).
- Shah Mansouri, E., & Muzaffari, S. A. (2005). Study recessionary factors Sports in the field of hardware, software, and John Ware. Journal of Sports Sciences, (12), 87-106. (Persian).
- Takano, T. (2007). Health and environment in the context of urbanization. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 12(2), 51.
- Taylor, R., & Plumely, E. (1998). Question sesion where do we go from here? in sport studium after Hillsborough, Paper presented at the Sport Council, Sheffield, England, pp:102
- Veitch, J., Bagley, S., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2006). Where do children usually play? A qualitative study of parents perceptions of influences on children’s active free – play. Health and Place, 12, 383-393.
- Zohar, D. (1980 .(Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 95–102.
)