Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Tarbiat Modares University
2 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant professor of Humanities Faculty of Tarbiat Modares University
4 Physical education department, Humanities Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and model the components and indicators of academic entrepreneurship evaluation in faculties of sport sciences. The statistical population consisted of all faculty members of the faculties of sports sciences in Tehran. Due to the limited population, the statistical sample was considered as a whole (n=165). For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire, by library studying and using comments of five professors of sport management and two professors of entrepreneurship using the Delphi method, was utilized and validity and reliability were confirmed. In order to analyze the data of 112 returned questionnaires, the following steps were taken into action: Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for determining reliability, KMO test for determining the sampling adequacy, exploratory factor analysis for identifying the components, and verifiable factor analysis for determining the structural validity in statistical software SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 3. Finally, the academic entrepreneurship evaluation model was designed in the form of 21 indicators and four components including requirements (four indicators), empowerment (four indicators), activities (seven indicators), and outcomes (six indicators). This model is expected to be used as a useful tool for evaluating the academic entrepreneurship of students and faculty members in sports science faculties and to direct the functions of sports science faculties to the functions of the third generation university.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Audretsch, D. B. (2014). From the entrepreneurial university to the university for the entrepreneurial society. Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(3), 313–321.
- Azimi Delarestaghi, A., Razavi, S. M. H., & Boroumand, M. R. (2016). Identifying the effective context conditions of strategic entrepreneurship deployment in sports business. Quarterly Journal of Sport Development and Management, 7(4), 70-87. (Persian)
- Bengtsson, L. (2017). A comparison of university technology transfer office’s commercialization strategies in the Scandinavian countries. Science and Public Policy, 44(4), 565–577.
- Bishop, D., Burnett, A., Farrow, D., Gabbett, T., & Newton, R. (2006). Sports-science roundtable: Does sports-science research influence practice? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1, 161-168.
- Dastoom, S., Ramezaninezhad, R., Benar, N., & Rasouli, R. (2013). Survey of interactions administrative departments and industry sport in Iran Based on the analysis documents and structural. Applied Research of Sport Management, 2(2), 91-108. (Persian)
- Davari, A., & Rezazadrh, A. (2013). Structural equation modeling with PLS. (3rd). Tehran. (Persian)
- Etzkowitz, H. (2004). The evolution of the entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Technology and Globalization, 1(1), 64-77.
- Farahmandmehr, A., Sharififar, F., & Nikbakhsh, R. (2019). Designing and explaining the framework of entrepreneurship ecosystem in Sport. Sport Management and Development, 8(1), 121-130. (Persian)
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Ghorbani, M. H., & Vahdani, M. (2016). Designing a model of competences of entrepreneurs in Iran’s sports industry. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 8(39), 205-228. (Persian)
- Giblin, G., Tor, E., & Parrington, L. (2016). The impact of technology on elite sports performance. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture, 12(2), 3-9.
- Goudarzi, M., Jalali Farahani, M., Rajabi, H., & Hamidi, M. (2017). The design and codification of development model of entrepreneurial skills for students of sport management in Iran. New Trends in Sport Management, 5(18), 9-21. (Persian)
- Halperin, I., Vigotsky, A. D., Foster, C., & Pyne, D. B. (2018). Strengthening the practice of exercise and sport-science research. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(2), 127-134.
- Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (2), 195-204.
- S, & Dahles, H. (2014). Commercialization in the non-profit sector: The emergence of social enterprise in Cambodia. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 218-243.
- Kos, A., Wei, Y., Tomažič, S., & Umek, A. (2018). The role of science and technology in sport. Procedia Computer Science, 129, 489-495.
- Kubayi, A., Coopoo, Y., & Toriola, A. (2019). Knowledge transfer from sport science to coaching: A South Africa's perspective. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 41(1), 51-61.
- Mohsenin, S., & Esfidani, M. (2014). Structural equations based on partial least squares approach-with Smart PLS software. Tehran: Mehraban Nashr Publiction. (Persian)
- Momeni, M. (2008). Statistical data analysis using SPSS (2nd). Tehran: Ketab-e-Naw Publications. (Persian)
- Monds Alizadeh, Z., Ehsani, M., Kozechian, H., & Honari, H. (2015). The environmental factor affecting on sport entrepreneurship. Sport Management Review, 7(29), 99-116. (Persian)
- Muscio, A., & Ramaciotti, L. (2019). How does academia influence Ph.D. entrepreneurship? New insights on the entrepreneurial university. Technovation, 82-83, 16-24.
- Oloyede, R. O., & Tosin, S. A. (2017). Entrepreneurship in sports: Tools for sustainable development. Discovery, 53(257), 286-297.
- Pellegrini, M. M., Rialti, R., Marzi, G., & Caputo, A. (2020). Sport entrepreneurship: A synthesis of existing literature and future perspectives. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(2), 1-32.
- Pyne, D. (2014). Improving the practice of sports science research. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(6), 899.
- Rashid, W. N., & Ismail, K. (2014). The role of entrepreneurial leaders towards commercialization of university research. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(6), 183-196.
- Rasmussen, E. A., & Sørheim, R. (2006). Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation, 26(2), 185-194.
- Ratten, V. (2010). Sport-based entrepreneurship: Towards a new theory of entrepreneurship and sport management. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 57–69.
- Ratten, V., & Jones, P. (2020). New challenges in sport entrepreneurship for value creation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(2), 1-20.
- Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 33(3), 761–787.
- Ringuet-Riot, C., Carter, S., & James, D. A. (2014). Programmed innovation in team sport using needs driven innovation. Procedia Engineering, 72, 817-822.
- Seymour, S., & Topazly, Y. (2017). The impact of modern UK University entrepreneurship & enterprise education on entrepreneurial actions: A case study of russian students. Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship Research, 7, 107–141.
- Shajie, R., & Marefati, A. (2006). Designing and explaining the model of academic incubator in physical education and sport sciences with emphasis on the entrepreneurship development in sport. Paper presented at the First International Sport Management Congress, Isfahan. (Persian)
- Sharifzadeh, A., & Abdollahzadeh, G. (2016). Criteria and mechanisms of academic entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education from the view of entrepreneurship experts. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 8(38), 3-17. (Persian)
- Zhouying, J. (2005). Global technological change from hard technology to soft technology (1st ed.). UK: Intellect Books.
)