Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- mostafa mohamadzadeh 1
- Mahmood Sheykh 2
- Davood Hoominian 3
- Fazlollah Bagherzadeh 4
- Anooshirvan Kazemnejad 5
1 Ph.D. of motor behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, of motor behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, of motor behavior, University of Tehran,Tehran , Iran
4 Associated Professor, of motor behavior, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
5 Professor of Biostatistics, Tarbiat-Modares University,Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Despite the few years that physical literacy has been introduced and developed globally, physical literacy structures have been different in various sources. Lack of a comprehensive and clear structure of physical literacy and its related characteristics can affect people's perception of participation and activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a clear framework of the physical literacy model based on the views of experts in Iranian society. Interviews were conducted with 14 experts, and the Strauss-Corbin model of grounded theory was used to analyze data in three stages of coding. Findings showed that physical literacy is the ability/capacity affected by growth in multiple dimensions (cognitive, psychological, physical, and behavioral) in the form of an active lifestyle. The findings also showed that conditions such as gender, disorders, age, and participation in physical activity are areas for outbreak physical literacy, as well as factors such as the Ministry of education, Sports and Health, Welfare and municipalities, politico-economic factors. Socio-cultural, media, and family influence physical literacy. Also, physical education, interventions in childhood and adolescence, providing facilities, experts, and appropriate policies can help develop physical literacy. Findings showed that the consequences of physical literacy could be improving lifestyle, maintaining health and well-being, increasing participation in physical activity, and community health. The present study's results identified a comprehensive and transparent model of the physical literacy framework and can help professionals, researchers, and policymakers provide physical literacy to society.
Keywords
- Barnett, L. M. Dudley, D. A. Telford, R. D. Lubans, D. R. Bryant, A. S. Roberts, W. M. Keegan, R. J. (2019). Guidelines for the Selection of Physical Literacy Measures in Physical Education in Australia. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 38(2: 119-125. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2018-0219
- Castelli, D. M. Barcelona, J. M. & Bryant, L. (2015). Contextualizing physical literacy in the school environment: The challenges. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(2): 156-163.
- Chen, A. (2015). Operationalizing physical literacy for learners: Embodying the motivation to move. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(2): 125-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.03.005
- Dugas, E. (2017). Leveling the Playing Field: Assessing Physical Literacy in Children and Youth with Physical Disabilities. (Masters of Arts in Applied Health Science), Brock University, Ontario. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10464/10973
- Edwards, L. C. Bryant, A. S. Keegan, R. J. Morgan, K. & Jones, A. M. (2017). Definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 47(1): 113-126.
- Farrey, T. & Isard, R. (2015). Physical literacy in the United States: A Model, Strategic Plan, and Call to Action. Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute.
- Giblin, S. Collins, D. & Button, C. (2014). Physical literacy: importance, assessment and future directions. Sports medicine, 44(9): 1177-1184.
- Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. London, Weidenfield & Nicolson press.
- Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research, Handbook of qualitative research. London CA: Sage.
- Hyndman, B. & Pill, S. (2018). What’s in a concept? A Leximancer text mining analysis of physical literacy across the international literature. European Physical Education Review, 24(3): 292-313.
- International Physical Literacy Association (2017). (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from https://www.physical-literacy.org.uk
- Jones, G.R. Stathokostas, L. Young, B.W. Wister, A.V. Chau, S. Clark, P. Duggan, M. Mitchell, D. & Norland, P. (2018) Development of a physical literacy model for older adults – a consensus process by the collaborative working group on physical literacy for older Canadians. BMC Geriatrics 18(3). doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0687-x.
- Keegan, R. J. Barnett, L. M. Dudley, D. A. Telford, R. D. Lubans, D. R. Bryant, A. S. . . . Weissensteiner, J. R. (2019). Defining physical literacy for application in Australia: a modified Delphi method. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 38(2): 105-118.
- Keegan, R. Keegan, S. Daley, S. Ordway, C. & Edwards, A. (2013). Getting Australia moving: Establishing a physically literate & active nation (game plan): University of Canberra, Centre of Excellence in Physical Literacy and Active. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/6291469
- Lounsbery, M. A. & McKenzie, T. L. (2015). Physically literate and physically educated: A rose by any other name? Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(2): 139-144.
- Lundvall, S. (2015). Physical literacy in the field of physical education – A challenge and a possibility. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(2): 113-118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.02.001
- Mandigo, J., Francis, N., & Lodewyk, K. (2007). Physical literacy concept paper. . Retrieved from Excelsiorgroup UK. website: https://excelsiorgroup.co.uk
- Mandigo, J. Francis, N. Lodewyk, K. & Lopez, R. (2009). Physical literacy for educators. Physical and Health Education journal, 75(3): 27-30.
- MirAli, M. Bahram, A. and Ghadiri, F. (2019). Modeling the Physical Literacy Theory in Ten-year Old Female Students in Ahvaz Educational District one. Sport Psychology Studies, No 28: 1-12 (Persian).
- O’Connor, C. & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1609406919899220.
- O’Brien, W. Belton, S. & Issartel, J. (2015). Promoting physical literacy in Irish adolescent youth: the Youth-Physical Activity towards Health (Y-PATH) intervention.
- Opdenakker, R. (2006). Advantages and disadvantages of four interview techniques in qualitative research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 7(4), Art. 11, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0604118.
- Physical and Health Education Canada. (2010). What Is the Relationship between Physical Education and Physical Literacy? Retrived at: www.phecanada.ca
- (2013). National Standards for K-12 Physical Education Copyright 2013, SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators, Retrieved from https://www.shapeamerica.org/standards/pe/
- Shortt, C. A. Webster, C. A. Keegan, R. J. Egan, C. A. & Brian, A. S. (2019). Operationally Conceptualizing Physical Literacy: Results of a Delphi Study. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 38(2): 91-104.
- (2019). the Australian Physical Literacy Framework, Retrieved from: sportaus.gov.au/
- Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications lnc.
- Styles, J. & Martin, R. (2017). The Promotion of Physical Literacy through an “Active Classroom” Environment: A Case Study of the Manchester United Enterprise Foundation. Advances in Physical Education, 7(02): 168.
- Sum, K. W. R. Wallhead, T. Ha, S. C. A. & Sit, H. P. C. (2018). Effects of physical education continuing professional development on teachers’ physical literacy and self-efficacy and students’ learning outcomes. International Journal of Educational Research, 88: 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.001
- Telford, R. M. Olive, L. S. Keegan, R. J. Keegan, S. Barnett, L. M. & Telford, R. D. (2021). Student outcomes of the physical education and physical literacy (PEPL) approach: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to improve physical literacy in primary schools. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(1): 97-110. doi:10.1080/17408989.2020.1799967
- Tompsett, C. Burkett, B. & McKean, M. (2014). Development of physical literacy and movement competency: A literature review. Journal of Fitness Research, 3(2): 53-74.
- Valadi, S. Hamidi, M. (2020) Studying the Level of Physical Literacy of Students Aged 8 to 12 Years. Research on ٍEducational Sport, 8(20): 205-226. DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.22089/res.2018.5090.1388 (Persian).
- Valadi, S. VaezMousavi, M. Naji, M. (2020). Relationship between the levels of the physical literacy of children Military Families with Job characteristics of their Fathers. Military Caring Sciences, 7(2): 127-138 (Persian).
- Whitehead, M. (2007). Physical literacy and its importance to every individual. Presentation at the National Disability Association Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Assessed online March, 10, 2007.
- Whitehead, M. (2010). Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse: London: Routledge.
- Whitehead, M. (2013). Definition of physical literacy and clarification of related issues. ICSSPE Bulletin, 65(1.2).
- Whitehead, M. (2019). Definition of physical literacy: Developments and issues Physical Literacy across the World, London: Routledge.
)