Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 semnan university
2 faculty of semnan university
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-regulation on on motor and social skill of preschool children with developmental coordination disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population of children aged 4-7 years had developmental coordination disorder in Babol city, 30 of whom were selected by purposeful method and after pre-test were divided into two groups of intervention and control by simple random sampling. The Wilson (2007) Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, Bruninks-Ozertsky (1978) and Gersham Valiot (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. The groups practiced for 16 sessions, two sessions per week and each session lasted 60 minutes according to the educational method, and at the end of the eighth week, the post-test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software (version 22) at a significance level of P≤0.05. The results showed that self-regulation on gross motor skill (p ≤ 0.001 and F = 11.434), self-regulation on fine motor skill (p = 0.001 and F = 32.820), self-regulation on fine and gross motor skill (p = 0.0031 and F = 10.153) And social skill (p = 0.0046 and F = 12.056) had a significant effect. As a result, self-regulation is effective on motor development and social skill and it is suggested that this strategy be used to improve skills in preschool children with developmental coordination disorder.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Abdi, B. (2002). Social skills and behavior problems of Iranian preshoolers. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Psychologist, 4(16), 333-342. (Persian)
- Amato-Zech, N., Hoff, K., & Doepke, K. (2006). Increasing on-task behavior in the classroom: Extension of self-monitoring strategies. Psychology in the Schools, 43(2), 211-221.
- Andrieux, M., Danna, J., & Thon, B. (2013). Self-Control of task difficulty during training enhances motor learning of a complex coincidence-anticipation task. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(23), 27-35
- Au, M., Chan, W., Lee, L., Chen, T., Chau, R., & Pang, M. (2014). Core stability exercise is as effective as task-oriented motor training in improving motor proficiency in children with developmental coordination disorder: A randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(10), 992-1003.
- Ball, M. F. (2002). Developmental coordination disorder hints and tips for the activities of daily living. London: Jessica Kingsley.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
- Bieleke, M., Kriech, C., & Wolff, W. (2019). Served well? A pilot field study on the effects of conveying self-control strategies on volleyball service performance. Behavioral Sciences, 9(9), 93 .
- Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., de Medeiros, F.L., Kaefer, A., & Tani, G. (2008). Learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results in 10-year-old children. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 405–10.
- Davis, C.L., Tomporowski, P.D., McDowell, J.E., Austin, B.P., Miller, P.H., Yanasak, N.E., Allison, J.D., & Naglieri, J.A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology, 30(3), 91-110.
- Duckworth, A., Gendler, T., & Gross, J. (2014). Self-control in school-age children. Educational Psychologist, 49(3), 199-217.
- Ebrahimi, F., & Taher, M. (2019). The effect of self-regulation skills training on social skills and executive functions of preschool students with mild mental disability. Quarterly Journal of Psychology of Exceptional People, Allameh Tabatabai University, 32(8), 110-125. (Persian)
- Ferrari, M., Pinard, A., Reid, L., & Bouffard-Bouchard, T. (2021). The relationship between expertise and self-regulation in movement performance: Some theoretical issues. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(1), 139–50.
- Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2006). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (6th). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
- Green, D., & Payne, S. (2018). Understanding organisational ability and self-regulation in children with developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Disorders, 5(7), 34-42.
- Hashemi, A., Sheikh, M., Hoomanian, D., & Bagherzadeh, F. (2019). The effect of v-fit exercises on the raw motor and quality of life of children with developmental coordination disorder, Journal of Psychological Sciences, 74(18), 143-152. (Persian)
- Jang, Y., & Hong, Y. (2020). The relationship between children’s temperament and fundamental movement skills mediated by autonomy and self-regulation, Early Child Development and Care, 192(8), 1217-1228.
- Keetch Katherine, M., & Timothy, D. (2007). The effect of self-regulated and experimenter-imposed practice schedules on motor learning for tasks of varying difficulty. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport, 78(5), 476-486.
- Laurent, C.W.S., Burkart, S., Andre, C., & Spencer, R.M. (2021). Physical activity, fitness, school readiness, and cognition in early childhood: A systematic review. Journal of Physical and Activity Health, 18(7), 1004–1013.
- Maksum, A., Widiana, I. W., & Marini, A. (2021). Path analysis of self-regulation, social skills, critical thinking and problem-solving ability on social studies learning outcomes. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 613-628.
- Missiuna,Ch., Pollock, N., Levac, D., Campbell, N., Sahagian Whalen,S. Bennett, Sh., …, & Russell, D. (2012). Partnering for change: An innovative school-based occupational therapy service delivery model for children with developmental coordination disorder. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1, 1-20.
- Mohammadi Orangi, B., Yaali, R., & Shahrzad, N. (2018). The effect of eight weeks of rhythmic aerobic exercise with music on motor skills, anxiety and depression in children with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Motor Behavior, 30(3), 57-70. (Persian)
- Rezaei, S., Sameni, A., & Zabrdast, A. (2020). The effect of home quarantine due to Covid 19 disease pandemic on parental stress and its relationship with anxiety and depression of gilani children. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry, 26(3), 280-293. (Persian)
- Saheban, F., Amiri, S., Kajbaf, M.B., & Abedi, A. (2010). The efficacy of short-term executive functions training on the reduction of symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity of elementary boy students in Esfahan metropolitan area. Advances in Cognitive Science, 12(1), 8–52. (Persian)
- Salman, Z., Sheikh, M., Seif Naraghi, M., Arab Ameri, E., & Aghapour, M. (2009). The effect of perceptual-motor exercises on improving the motor abilities of students with developmental coordination disorder in elementary school in Tehran. Development and motor-sports learning, 2(8), 47-63. (Persian)
- Smits-Engelsman, B., & Verbecque, E. (2018). Pediatric care for children with developmental coordination disorder, can we do better? Biomedical Journal, 45(2), 250-264.
- Tsai, C. L., Wang, C. H., & Tseng, Y. T. (2012). Effects of exercise intervention on event-related potential and task performance indices of attention networks in children with developmental coordination disorder. Brain Cognition, 79(1), 12–22.
- Tseng, M., Fu, C., Wilson, B. N., & Hu, F. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire in community-based children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(1), 33–45.
- Vaez Mousavi, S., & Shojaii, M. (2005). Coparison and describtion of physical characteristics of secondry school students in Tehran during 82-83, 3(5), 133–55. (Persian)
- Westendorp, M., Houwen, S., Hartman, E., Mombarg, R., Smith, J., & Visscher, C. (2014). Effect of a ball skill intervention on children’s ball skills and cognitive functions. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(2), 414–422.
- Wu Will, F.W., & Magill, R. (2013). Self-controlled practice schedules for learning multiple movement patterns. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1, 449-457.
- Zamani, L., Melanorozi, K., & Ghasemi, A. (2020). The effect of self-regulatory conditions on the development of fine motor skills and executive function (inhibition control) in children. Journal of Disability Studies, 156(10), 1-8. (Persian)
- Zengi¸ M., Yayan, Y., & Duken, M. (2021). The effects of a therapeutic play/play therapy program on the fear and anxiety levels of hospitalized children after liver transplantation. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 31(1), 81-85.
- Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P.R. Pintrichve M. Seidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Zwicker, J., Missiuna, Ch., Harris, S., & Boyd, L. (2012). Developmental coordination disorder: A reviewand update. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 16(6), 573-581.
)