Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. Student in Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Abstract
Increasing opportunities for physical activity in schools is recognized as a global priority among school-age children and adolescents. Since the state of physical activity in some countries has not yet reached the recommended level of the World Health Organization, The purpose of this paper is to pay attention to the role of school in creating opportunities for physical activity and drawing a comparative framework of issues related to school sports, including assessing the quality of physical education (time, content and expertise of teachers), national strategies and extracurricular programs according to the Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP). This study is a comparative study using the Bereday method. Explore in the methods of execution in the best educational systems of the world (Finland, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States) that have a CSPAP shows that many countries have designed and implemented physical activity initiatives that seek to increase the physical activity opportunities available to children before, during, and after school And It can also compensate for the lack of physical activity hours in the school's physical education lesson.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Azmoon, J. (2017). A global experience- Physical education lessons from the perspective of American physical education and health teachers. Journal of Physical Education Development, 18(1): 50-48. (Persian)
- Baniameryan, M., hakime zadeh, R., javadipuor, M. (2015). Comparative study of the national curriculum of Australia, New Zealand and Iranin the field of information and technology. Technical and Vocational Education, 4(1): 61-82. (Persian)
- Blair, S. N. (2009). Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century. Br J Sports Med, 43 (1).
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: A Guide for Schools. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Strategies for Classroom Physical Activity in Schools. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services.
- D'Anna, C., Forte, P & Gomez, F. (2019). Physical education status in European school’s curriculum, extension of educational offer and planning. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4): 805- 817.
- Escalante, Y., García-Hermoso, A & et al. (2014). Playground designs to increase physical activity levels during school recess: a systematic review. Health Education & Behavior, 41(2):138–44.
- European Commission/EACEA/. (2013). Physical Education and Sport at School in Europe Eurydice Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- Federal Ministry of Food Agriculture and Consumer Protection. (2013). IN FORM: German national initiative to promote healthy diets and physical activity.
- Gallotta, C. Iazzoni, S & et al. (2016). Effects of combined physical education and nutritional programs on schoolchildren’s healthy habits. National Library of Medicine, 11(4).
- Pfeifer, K. Banzer, W & et al. (2016). National recommendations for physical activity and physical activity promotion. Erlangen FAU University Press.
- Groffik, D. Mitáš, J. Jakubec, L & et al. (2020). Adolescents’ Physical Activity in Education Systems Varying in the Number of Weekly Physical Education Lessons. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 91(4): 551- 561.
- Y & et al. (2015). Epidemiological study of obesity and overweight in 7- to 12-year-old students in Sanandaj city. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(49): 20-11. (Persian)
- Hills, A.P. Dengel, D.R & Lubans, D.R. (2015). Supporting public health priorities: Recommendations for physical education and physical activity promotion in schools. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57(4): 368–374.
- Janssen, I. Leblanc, A.G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 7(40).
- Katsarova, I .(2016) .Physical education in EU schools. EPRS: European Parliament Research Service.
- Kudlacek, M. Fromel, K & Groffik, D. (2020). Associations between adolescents’ preference for fitness activities and achieving the recommended weekly level of physical activity. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 18(1): 31-39.
- Kobel, S. Kettner, S & et al (2017). Physical activity of German children during different segments of the school day. Z Gesundh Wiss, 25(1): 29–35.
- M., Aliasgari. M., Aghaei. N., Javadipoor. M. (2018). Comparative Study of Preschool Curriculum in Iran and Several Selected Countries in Terms of Physical Education. Research on Educational Sport, 6(14): 277-300. (Persian).
- Mantjes, J.A. Jones, A.P & et al. (2012). School related factors and 1yr change in physical activity amongst 9–11-year-old English schoolchildren. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys.Act,9(153).
- McMullen, J. Ní Chróinín, D. Tammelin, T & et al. (2015). International Approaches to Whole-of-School Physical Activity Promotion. Quest, 67(4): 384-399.
- Messing, S. Rütten, A. Abu-Omar, K & et al. (2019). How Can Physical Activity Be Promoted Among Children and Adolescents?. Front Public Health, 7(55).
- V, Marandi. M, Klishadi R. (2016). Children, obesity and exercise (practical strategies for the prevention and treatment of overweight in children and adolescents). Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology. University of Esfahan Medical Sciences. (Persian)
- Ning Zhao, N. Ping Dong, G & et al (2019). FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity risk in Chinese population: a meta‑analysis. World Journal of Pediatrics, 15: 382-389.
- Public Health England. (2019). What Works in Schools and Colleges to Increase Physical Activity? A briefing for head teachers. GW-1195
- M, Hamidi. M, Khabiri. M, Alidoost. E. (2016). Codification a Strategy Map of Physical Education and Sports Activities in Ministry of Education of Iran. Research on Educational Sport, 5(12): 17-36. (Persian)
- World Health Organization. (2016). Physical activity strategy for the WHO European Region 2016- 2025. Copenhagen.
- World Health Organization. (2017). Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity.
- WHO (a). (2018). Promoting physical activity in the education sector. Current status and success stories from the European Union Member. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Copenhagen: Denmark
- WHO (b). (2018). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Factsheets for the 28 EU Member States of the WHO European Region. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
- WHO (c). (2018). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: More active people for a healthier world. Copenhagen. Geneva: License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
- WHO (d). (2018). Taking action on childhood obesity. World Health Organization.
- SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators. (2015). The essential components of physical education.
- (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report 2008. Washington, DC. United States Department of Health and Human Services.
)