پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی

طراحی مدل ایجاد تکالیف فعال در تربیت­ بدنی مدارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عصمت طاهرخانی 1
امین دهقان قهفرخی 2
احسان محمدی ترکمانی 2
فریبا عسکریان 3

1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2024.15207.2402
چکیده
تکالیف فعال در تربیت­بدنی نقش مؤثری در افزایش فعالیت ­بدنی دانش­آموزان دارد؛ ازاین‌رو هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی مؤلفه­های تکالیف فعال و طراحی مدل ایجاد تکالیف فعال در تربیت­بدنی مدارس بود. روش پژوهش از نوع کیفی و نظریة داده‌بنیاد با استفاده از رویکرد گلیزری بود. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل دبیران تربیت­بدنی، معاونان تربیت­بدنی آموزش و پرورش، کارشناسان تربیت­بدنی آموزش و پرورش، اعضای هیئت علمی تربیت­بدنی دانشگاه فرهنگیان و مدیران مدارس بود که دوازده نفر از نخبگان آگاه از موضوع پژوهش به­صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و مصاحبه­های کیفی نیمه­ساختاریافته و عمیق با آن‌ها انجام گرفت. انجام مصاحبه­ها تا حد اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. برای بررسی روایی از قابلیت مقبولیت، انتقال­پذیری و تأییدپذیری و برای بررسی پایایی از روش توافق درون‌موضوعی دو کدگذار استفاده شد. نتایج کدگذاری باز حاکی از آن بود که 109 عامل می­توانند در شناسایی مؤلفه­های تکالیف فعال در تربیت­بدنی مدارس مؤثر باشند. در مرحلة کدگذاری انتخابی، عامل­ها به 17 مقولة فرعی طبقه­ بندی شدند. درنهایت، هفت مقولة اصلی حاصل از کدگذاری نظری شامل مقوله­های بهبود برنامه تربیت­بدنی، ابزار یادگیری، اطلاعات و منابع، مسئولیت­پذیری، نگرش مثبت، مشارکت خانواده و جامعه و ابزار ارزیابی شناسایی شدند. دبیران تربیت­بدنی کشور می­توانند از عامل­ها، مفاهیم و مقوله‌های شناسایی‌شده در برنامه­ریزی­های آتی خود برای عملیاتی کردن تکالیف فعال در تربیت­بدنی مدارس استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تکالیف فعال
تربیت بدنی
فعالیت بدنی

موضوعات

  1. Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S., & Albarracín, D. (2018). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In The handbook of attitudes (pp. 197-255). New York: Routledge.
  2. Allar, I., Elliott, E., Jones, E., Kristjansson, A. L., Taliaferro, A., & Bulger, S. M. (2017). Involving families and communities in CSPAP development using asset mapping. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 88(5), 7-14.
  3. Bailey, R. P., Heck, S., & Scheuer, C. (2022). Active Homework: an under-researched element of the active schools concept. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 52(3), 461-467
  4. Bailey, R., & Scheuer, C. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic as a fortuitous disruptor in physical education: the case of active homework. AIMS Public Health, 9(2), 423.
  5. Barney, D., & Strand, B. (2008). Do high school students know what practices are appropriate in physical education? The High School Journal, 1, 33–40.
  6. Bazargan Harandi, A. (2022). An introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods: common approaches in behavioral sciences. Tehran: Didar Publications. (Persian)
  7. Bembenutty, H. (2011). The last word: An interview with Harris Cooper-Research, policies, tips, and current perspectives on homework. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22(2), 340-350.
  8. Burt, D. (2012). The prevalence, beliefs, and instruction of using physical education homework as reported by physical educators in Arkansas (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
  9. Buyukalan, S. F., & Altinay, Y. B. (2018). Views of Primary Teachers about Homework (A Qualitative Analysis). Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(9), 152-162.
  10. Carlson, J. A., Engelberg, J. K., Cain, K. L., Conway, T. L., Geremia, C., Bonilla, E., ..., & Sallis, J. F. (2017). Contextual factors related to implementation of classroom physical activity breaks. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 7(3), 581-592.
  11. Castelli, D. M., & Ward, K. (2012). Physical activity during the school day. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(6), 20–29.
  12. Dauenhauer, B., Kulinna, P., Marttinen, R., & Stellino, M. B. (2022). Before-and after-school physical activity: Programs and best practices. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 93(5), 20-26
  13. Docheff, D. (1990). Homework… in physical education? Strategies, 4(1), 10-14.
  14. Duncan, S., McPhee, J. C., Schluter, P. J., Zinn, C., Smith, R., & Schofield, G. (2011). Efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and healthy eating in children: the healthy homework pilot study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1-10
  15. Duncan, S., Stewart, T., McPhee, J., Borotkanics, R., Prendergast, K., Zinn, C. & Schofield, G. (2019). Efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and improving nutrition in children: a cluster randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-12.
  16. Dyrstad, S. M., Kvalø, S. E., Alstveit, M., & Skage, I. (2018). Physically active academic lessons: acceptance, barriers and facilitators for implementation. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-11.
  17. Egan, C. A., & Miller, M. (2019). Family and community involvement to increase physical activity as part of a CSPAP. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 90(1), 39-45.
  18. Fairclough, S. J., Hackett, A. F., Davies, I. G., Gobbi, R., Mackintosh, K. A., Warburton, G. L., ... & Boddy, L. M. (2013). Promoting healthy weight in primary school children through physical activity and nutrition education: a pragmatic evaluation of the CHANGE! Randomised intervention study. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-14
  19. Gabbei, R., & Hamrick, D. (2001). Using physical activity homework to meet the national standards. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 72(4), 21–26.
  20. Gamble, A., Chatfield, S. L., Cormack Jr, M. L., & Hallam, J. S. (2017). Not enough time in the day: A qualitative assessment of in‐school physical activity policy as viewed by administrators, teachers, and students. Journal of School Health, 87(1), 21-28
  21. Hutchens, A., & Lee, R. E. (2018). Parenting practices and children’s physical activity: an integrative review. The Journal of School Nursing, 34(1), 68-85.
  22. Hill, K. (2018). Homework in physical education? A review of physical education homework literature. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 89(5), 58-63.
  23. Kääpä, M., Palomäki, S., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vasankari, T., & Hirvensalo, M. (2019). The role of physical education homework to adolescent girls’ physical activity in Finland. Advances in Physical Education, 9(4), 223–239.
  24. Kääpä, M., Palomäki, S., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Vasankari, T., Hirvensalo, M., & Fedewa, A. (2021). Finnish Adolescent girls’ activity patterns and the effects of an activity-based homework intervention on their physical activity. Physical Activity and Health, 5(1), 1-14.
  25. Kääpä, M., Palomäki, S., Fedewa, A., Valleala, U. M., & Hirvensalo, M. (2022). The role of parental support and the students’ opinions in active finnish physical education homework. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11924.
  26. Kinchin, G. D., & O’Sullivan, M. (2003). Incidences of student support for and resistance to a curricular innovation in high school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 22(3), 245-260.
  27. Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H. Puder, J. J. (2010). Effect of school based physical activity program (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: Cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ, 340
  28. Lindsay, A., Wasserman, M., Muñoz, M., Wallington, S., & Greaney, M. (2018). Examining influences of parenting styles and practices on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Latino children in the United States: integrative review. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 4(1),
  29. Lumbu-ani, J., Abusama, H. P., Pangarungan, J. L., Danozo, J. J. L., Estrada, M. J. L., Hasan, H. A., & Moscoso, L. H. A. (2021). Attitude of Sultan Kudarat State University laboratory high school students and teachers on proposed “no homework policy” bill. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 1(2), 45-50.
  30. Macdonald, K., Milne, N., Pope, R., & Orr, R. (2021). Factors influencing the provision of classroom-based physical activity to students in the early years of primary school: A survey of educators. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49, 361-373.
  31. Michael, S., Dittus, P., & Epstein, J. (2007). Family and community involvement in schools: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006. Journal of School Health, 77(8), 567-587.
  32. Mitchell, M., Stanne, K., & Barton, G. V. (2000). Attitudes and behaviors of physical educators regarding homework. Physical Educator, 57(3), 136
  33. Novak, B. E., & Lynott III, F. J. (2015). Homework in physical education: Benefits and implementation. Strategies, 28(1), 22-26.
  34. Ornelas, I. J., Perreira, K. M., & Ayala, G. X. (2007). Parental influences on adolescent physical activity: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4(1), 1-10.
  35. Pereira, P., Marinho, D. A., & Santos, F. (2021). Positive motivational climates, physical activity and sport participation through self-determination theory: Striving for quality physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 92(6), 42-47.
  36. Ronayne, T. (2020). An investigation into teachers and parents’ perspectives of the introduction of active homework in primary schools (Doctoral dissertation). Marino Institute of Education.
  37. Smith, J., Cluphf, D., & O'Connor, J. (2001). Homework in elementary physical education: a pilot study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92(1), 133-136
  38. Smith, M., & Madden, M. (2014). Middle school students’ reactions to the implementation of active homework in physical education. Global Journal of Health and Physical Education Pedagogy, 3(2), 121–136.
  39. Ours, E., & Scrabis-Fletcher, K. A. (2013). Implementing active homework in secondary physical education. Strategies, 26(6), 23-27.
  40. Sun, H., Li, W., & Shen, B. (2017). Learning in physical education: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(3), 277-291.
  41. Thom, S. C., & Yun, J. (2012). Factors affecting physical educators’ assigning physical education homework. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(Suppl. 1), A65–A66.
  42. Webster, C. A., & Nesbitt, D. (2017). Expanded roles of physical education teachers within a CSPAP and implications for PETE. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 88(3), 22-28.
  43. Williams, S. M., & Hannon, J. C. (2013). Physical education homework that involves the family. Strategies, 26(3), 3-8.
  44. Williams, S., McGladrey, B., Silva, A., & Hannon, J. (2013). Comparison of classroom instruction versus use of homework assignments on cognitive knowledge acquisition in physical education. The Physical Educator, 70(2), 206–220.
  45. Xu, Y., Jia, C., & Yin, Z. (2023). A Review of Research on the Potential Value and Realistic Dilemma for Homework in Physical Education. International Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2(1), 32.
پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
دوره 12، شماره 35
خرداد 1403
صفحه 141-164

  • تاریخ دریافت 31 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 13 تیر 1403

صفحه اصلی

اصول اخلاقی

ارسال مقاله

اخبار و اعلانات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

تماس با ما