نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
2 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد
3 گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشکده علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان
4 دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه شاهرود، شاهرود
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی الزامات و راهبردهای آموزش ترکیبی (حضوری و غیرحضوری) درس تربیت‌بدنی در مدارس بود. این پژوهش از نوع اکتشافی و روش آن کیفی از نوع تحلیل محتوای عرفی بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان به صورت هدفمند ملاک‌مدار از بین کارشناسان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی دروس گروه سلامت و تربیت‌بدنی وزارت آموزش و پرورش، متخصصان دانشگاهی حوزه برنامه‌ریزی درسی و سرگروه‌های آموزشی درس تربیت‌بدنی انتخاب شدند. به منظور گردآوردی داده‌ها 21 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته عمیق انجام شد و داده های حاصل از آنها در دو مرحله کدگذاری باز و محوری تحلیل شدند. اعتبار کدگذاری‌ها نیز با بازبینی و کنترل صحت کدهای استخراج شده و کدگذاری مجدد مصاحبه‌ها توسط دو نفر متخصص همکار مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد توجه به سیزده مقوله تحت عناوین دانش‌افزایی یاددهنده، ارتقا سواد یادگیرنده، طراحی مجدد ساختار آموزشی، ارتقا کیفیت تسهیلات، پشتیبانی و حمایت، مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تولید محتوا، مواد و منابع آموزش، راهبردهای آموزشی، شبکه‌سازی، تعاملات و ارتباطات، اصول ناظر بر ارزشیابی، و نظارت و کنترل، در توسعه آموزش ترکیبی درس تربیت‌بدنی مدارس ضرورت دارد. همچنین، فراهم ساختن زیرساخت‌های لازم جهت به کارگیری آموزش ترکیبی، برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی جهت آگاه ساختن ذی‌نفعان آموزش ترکیبی و توانمندسازی معلمان در استفاده از نرم‌افزارها، شبکه‌ها و سامانه‌های آموزش مجازی می‌تواند در تحقق اهداف آموزش درس تربیت‌بدنی چه در بستر مجازی و چه به صورت حضوری ثمربخش باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
- Abbasi, F., Hejazi, E., & Hakimzade, R. (2020). Lived experience of elementary school teachers about the opportunities and challenges of teaching in the educational network of students (SHAD): A phenomenological study. Research in Teaching, 8(3), 24-21. ( In Persian)
- Abbasi Kasani, H., Mehri, D., Mahjoub, H., & Vosoughi, A. (2021). Factors affecting the application of blended learning in higher education. Quarterly Journal of Training in Police Sciences, 9(32), 119-148. (Persian)
- Abollahi, B., Dadjooye Tavakoli, A., & Youseliani, A. (2014). Identification and validation of effective teachers’ professional competence. Quarterly journal of Educational Innovations 13(1), 25-48.
- Adi, S., & Fathoni, A. F. (2020). Blended learning analysis for sports schools in Indonesia, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 4(12), 149-164.
- Al Awamleh, A. (2020). Students satisfaction on blended learning in the school of sport sciences. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 8(1), 1-7.
- Anthony, B., Kamaludin, A., Romli, A., Raffei, A. F. M., Nincarean, A., Phon, D., & Nordin, M. S. (2019). Exploring the role of blended learning for teaching and learning effectiveness in institutions of higher learning: An empirical investigation. Education and Information Technologies, 24(6), 3433-3466.
- Arasteh, H., Naveh Ebrahim, A., Abbasian, H., & Khabare, K. (2021). Developing the policy model of digital university (qualitative approach). Journal of Management and Planning In Educational System, 14(2), 47-72. (Persian)
- Daum, D. N., & Buschner, C (2012). The status of high school online physical education in the United States. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 31(1), 86-100.
- Dehnavi, A. (2019). Non-attendance teaching of physical education course in the context of new media tools. Physical Education Education Growth, 21(1), 20-22. (Persian)
- Dung, D. T. H. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 10(3), 45-48.
- Emadi, S. R., & Ahokhsh, N. (2016). The blended and conventional teaching methods its effect on student academic engagement. Biquarterly Journal of Cognitive Strategies in Learning, 3(5), 57-72. (Persian)
- Finlay, M. J, Tinnion, D. J., & Simpson, T. (2022). A virtual vs. blended learning approach to higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experiences of a sport and exercise science student cohort. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 1-10.
- Ghorbankhani, M., & Salehi, K. (2017). Representation challenges of virtual training in iran's higher education system: A study of phenomenological approach. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 7(2), 123-148. (Persian)
- Hamidi, M., & Najafi Jouybari, L. (2020). Model of educational sports development in education during health crises situation, Case study: COVID-19 pandemic. Research on Educational Sport, 8(20), 17-32. (Persian)
- Handke, L., Klonek, F. E., Parker, S. K., & Kauffeld, S. (2020). Interactive effects of team virtuality and work design on team functioning. Small Group Research, 51(1), 3-47.
- Hejazi, E., Narenjithani, F., & Ghofrani, A. (2021). Psychological components related to students success in a blended learning environment. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 12(3), 105-127. (Persian)
- Huda, K. (2020). The effect of blended learning model on students’ writing skill. Journal of English Education and Technology, 1(03), 154-172.
- Ibrahim, F., Padilla-Valdez, N., & Rosli, U. K. (2022). Hub-and-spokes practices of blended learning: trajectories of emergency remote teaching in Brunei Darussalam. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 525-549.
- Karimi, M. (2021). Phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of professors and students of virtual education in the Iranian higher education system. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 11(4), 153-174. (Persian)
- Khatib Zanjani, N., Zandi, B., Farajollahi, M., Sarmadi, M. R., & Ebrahim Zadeh, I. (2012). The structured analysis of requirements and challenges of e-learning and proposing a a practical model for successful implementation of e- courses in medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (8), 995-1009
- López-Fernández, I., Burgueño, R., & Gil-Espinosa, F. J. (2021). High school physical education teachers' perceptions of blended learning one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Internaional Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 18(21), 14-21.
- Melati, I. S., & Harnanik, H. (2020). An analysis of student engagement for online microeconomics class based on ELED. Dinamika Pendidikan, 16(1), 33-43.
- Mirmoghtadaie, Z., & Ahmady, S. (2019). The effectiveness of blended learning in the field of medical education: Explaining dimensions and components based on stakeholder experiences. Journal of Medical Education Development, 12(33), 26-33. (Persian)
- Mohammadi, M., Keshavarzi, F., Naseri Jahromi, R., Naseri Jahromi, R., Hesampoor, Z., Mirghafari, F., & Ebrahimi, S. (2020). Analyzing the parents' experiences of first course elementary school students from the challenges of virtual education with social networks in the time of Coronavirus outbreak. Journal of Educational Research, 7(40), 74-101. (Persian)
- Müller, A. M., Goh, C., Lim, L. Z., & Gao, X. (2021). Covid-19 emergency elearning and beyond: Experiences and perspectives of university educators. Education Sciences, 11(1), 19-25.
- Murphy, M. P. (2020). COVID-19 and emergency eLearning: Consequences of the securitization of higher education for post-pandemic pedagogy. Contemporary Security Policy, 41(3), 492-505.
- Nortvig, A.-M., Petersen, A. K., & Balle, S. H. (2018). A literature review of the factors influencing e‑learning and blended learning in relation to learning outcome, student satisfaction and engagement. Electronic Journal of E-learning, 16(1), 46‑
- O’Brien, W., Adamakis, M., O’Brien, N., Onofre, M., Martins, J., Dania, A., …, & Costa, J. (2020). Implications for European physical education teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-institutional SWOT analysis. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 503-522.
- Parvin, N., Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., & Rezaee Soufi, M. (2021). Analysis of dimensions and components of professional development of physical education teachers based on grand theory. Organization Management in Sport Studies, 8(1), 11-27
- Razavi, S. M. H., Rouhani, Z., & Ghanbari Firouzabadi, A. (2014). An analysis of effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 10(19), 69-80. (Persian)
- Rezaei, A. (2020). Student learning evaluation during the Corona: Challenges and Strategies. Educational Psychology, 16(55), 179-214. (Persian)
- Rezapour, F., & Moharramzadeh, M. (2021). Developing an efficiency model for virtual educational plan of physical education in schools (Case study: Covid-19 pandemic). Research on Educational Sport, 9(23), 99-128. (Persian)
- Sabori Kohsro Shahi, H. (2010). Education in globalization period: Challenges and needed strategies to face on. Journal Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 1(1), 153-196.
- Sadeghitabar, P., & Shariatmadari, M. (2020). Designing and validating the continuing medical education model based on blended learning. Research in School and Virtual Learning, 8(1), 79-97. (Persian)
- Salimi, S., & Fardin, M. A. (2020). The role of corona virus in virtual education, with an emphasis on opportunities and challenges. Research in School and Virtual Learning, 8(2), 49-60. (Persian)
- Shi, Sh., Abidin, Z., & Zainuddin, B. (2020). A review of the research on blended learning in physical education in china and international. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(11), 672-686.
- Trent, M. (2016). Investigating virtual personal fitness course alignment with national guidelines for online physical education (Doctoral dissertation). Georgia State University.
- (2020). 290 Million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response. UNESCO. Available at: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/290-million-students-out-school-due-covid-19-unesco-releases-first-global-numbers-and-mobilizes.
- Vahdani, M., Rezasoltani, N., & Jafari, m. (2021). Designing of a pedagogical model to implementation the goals of the physical education curriculum of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research on Educational Sport, 9(22), 14-46. (Persian)
- Wang, Ch., Roxana, Dev Omar Dev, R. D., Geok Soh, K., Nasirudddin, N. J. M., Yuan, Y., & Ji, X. (2023). Blended learning in physical education: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 2, 1-14.
- Zareee Zavaraki, E. (2019). Designing and validating the blended learning model with emphasis on digital technologies for students with special educational needs. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 9(34), 51-78. (Persian)
)